Chapter 11

The Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229) marked the first time that

A. A pope gave all ofthe spiritual and temporal rewards of a crusade to the Holy Land to warriors fighting an enemy in Europe

How did the Slavic ruling classes benefit from the Northern Crusades?

A. By converting to Christianity and profiting from other crusades further to the east

What were chansons de geste?

A. Epic poems about heroic deeds

The Northern Crusades, although less well known than the crusades to the Holy Land, produced longer lasting results, such as the

A. Germanization of the northern lands along Baltic Sea

How did Philip II of France dramatically increase the size of his kingdom in 1204?

A. He confiscated the norther French territories held by King John of England

In the twelfth century, royal justices toured England making visits called eyres, at which they

A. Presided over trials for murder, rape, arson, and certain other crimes

The Gothic style was first associated with which of the following?

A. The Capetian kings of France

How did the kings of England benefit from Henry II's judicial reforms?

A. The fees and fines collected by the courts went into the kings treasury.

Literature and music changed on the European continent in the twelfth century once poets and songwriters began to

A. Write their work in vernacular

The Fourth Crusade proved to be

A. an unmitigated disaster for Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire

In the medieval courts, jongleurs were

A. musicians

Although historians often rely on the term courtly love in describing the theme of the troubadour's poetry, the underlying theme of this literature is actually the

A. power of the women

Modern scholars now believe that many aristocratic women in southern France in the twelfth century were

A. powerful lords in their own right

Although Frederick I subdued the northern Italian communes, he began he reversal of his own fortune when he

A. set German magistrates over the cities; their arrogance and despotism infuriated commoners and aristocrats alike

The Beguines, who established informal pious communities,

A. worked to support themselves

The war over the English throne (1139-1153) granted new privileges and powers to which of the following?

B. Barons and high churchmen

Although Manga Carta (1215) came to be viewed as the first document to guarantee the legal rights of all Englishmen, it was originally intended to serve as a(n)

B. Guarantee of the customary rights of the English barons

Why did Lancelot embody the ideal chivalric knight?

B. He was a brave fighter who treated women with respect

King Frederick I drove Henry the Lion out of Germany when the prince became too powerful and defiant, but Frederick gained little personal power as a result because

B. He was forced to distribute Henry's domains among the nobles who had helped him oust Henry

Although the Third Crusade (1189-1192) was intended to recapture Jerusalem after it fell to the armies of Saladin in 1187, what was the actual result of the crusade?

B. Islamic hegemony over the Holy Land would continue for hundreds of years

How was scutage a sign of the expansion of the commercial economy?

B. It transformed personal service into a cash payment

Like Peter Abelard, Peter the Chanter gained renown for his

B. Lectures and disputations

Why did universities refuse to enroll women during the Middle Ages?

B. Masters and students were considered clerics, and as a result women had no chance of enrolling

What language was troubadour poetry originally written in?

B. Occitan, the vernacular of the Rhone valley

Which of the following was a lasting accomplishment of the French king Phillip II?

B. Philip's imposition of a royal administration based on extensive record keeping

Which of the following is most characteristic of Gothic architecture?

B. Pointed arches and stained glass

What is Gregorian chant most closely associated with?

B. Romanesque churches

Friar was a name used to describe the monks of which of the following monastic orders?

B. The Franciscans

The followers if St. Francis of Assisi were known as mendicants, meaning that they

B. begged

In the late twelfth century, states that had been formed in Hungary and Russia by powerful individual rulers began to fragment because, compared to England and France, they lacked

C. Clear mechanisms for royal succession

King Frederick I (Barbarossa) was elected by the German princes in order to do which of the following?

C. End the protracted warfare between the Hohenstaufens and the Welfs

How did Henry II's six-year conflict with his archbishop, Thomas Becket, over whether churchmen were to submit to royal courts end?

C. Henry's henchmen murdered Becket in his cathedral

King John angered his barons by

C. Imposing higher scutages and feudal dues on his vassal

The defeat of Frederick Barbarossa at the battle of Legnano in 1176 marked the

C. Independence of northern Italian cities from the emperor

The Dominican order began as an order that sought to

C. Minister to heretics in Europe

When were Christians able to complete their reconquista of the Iberian peninsula?

C. Not until 1492

Why were the Cathars declared heretical, while the Franciscans, who were also concerned about the excess of wealth, were not?

C. The Cathars challenged the legitimacy and spiritual authority of the church hierarchy, while the Franciscans did not

What disastrous event in 1204 drastically and permanently undercut the power of the Byzantine Empire?

C. The capture of Constantinople by crusaders

Schools and universities were set up to do which of the following?

C. Train future priests and monks

Students studying the quadrivium focused on

C. arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy

The religious movements of the twelfth century

C. did not retreat from society but actively involved urban populations

The primary function of epic poetry and chivalrous literature was provided which of the following?

D. A common identity and code for knights and nobles in the midst of larger societal and military changes

What is Chartres cathedral best known as?

D. A symbol of key features of the Middle Ages

What significance did Henry II's marriage to Eleanor have for the future European dynastic holdings?

D. It gave the English crown possession of Aquitaine in southwest France

The name Barbarossa referred specifically to Frederick's

D. Red-blond hair and beard

On receiving the news of the crusaders' sack of Constantinople (1204), the pope ordered them to

D. Remain there for a year to consolidate their gains

At the close of the twelfth century, Western Europeans saw their monarchs not as rulers of a people but rather a

D. Rulers of a clearly defined territory

What did the twelfth-century heretics known as dualists believe?

D. That the universes was torn between good and evil forces

What did Peter Abelard find even more difficult to bear than his castration?

D. The condemnation of his book by the Council of Soissons

In the twelfth century, European scholars began to study the logic of Aristotle with the help of

D. Translations from Arabic into Latin