Chapter 12

The saying is "money can buy happiness," but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than.... per year are not measurable happier than those who earn below that amount.

75k

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of.....

Adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration.

Which dimension of the type A behavior is most predictive of heart disease?

Anger/hostility

Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of people and situations. Lydia exemplifies ________ behavior type

B

.... is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a personal involuntary activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

Biofeedback

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a .... stressor

Chronic

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

Coping

.... holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments.

Dispositionism

.... is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

Distress

..... is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance

Eustress

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of....

Hassles

which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

the behavior of soldiers abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford prison experiment that was overseen by psychologist....

Philip Zimbardo

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems?

Positive psychology

Which aspect of the definition of happiness gives the impression that it is a long-term state rather than a brief mood that we experience from time to time

a feeling that one's life has meaning and value

what is a social role

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying?

because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

Hans Seley's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the...

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

rhonda and jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other. but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. they have a relationship based on.... love

companionate

In the Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or....., of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and acting according to Milgram's instructions.

confederate

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a ________.

confirmation bias

informational social influence

conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information

normative social influence

conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group

suppose you are walking down a street. a woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. you just assumed someone else is about to help her and keep walking. this is an example of

diffusion of responsibility

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 1 - exhaustion

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 2 - depersonalization

the field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include

emotions an attitudes, the self, and social cognitions.

When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he'd had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________.

empathy

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around, she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called.... response

fight-or-flight

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-the-door technique

which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

getting your parents to agree to cut down their smoking by a few cigs, then asking them to quit all together

which statement about groupthink is correct?

group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus

Deindividuation

group situations where a person feels a sense of anonymity and a resulting reduction in accountability and a sense of self

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

what is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person?

which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout

job strain

the.... hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

just-world

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

less stress than someone who has no effective options

which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the social exchange theory?

people are dissatisfied if their social exchange create more cost than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of ________.

reciprcity

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________.

scapegoating

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation.

social norm

what is the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment?

social roles are more powerful determinants of human behavior

group polarization

strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within the group

What is the main feature of the jigsaw classroom?

students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets

what was the most stressful event found on the social readjustment rating scale with a LCU score of 100

the death of a spouse

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and...

transcendental meditation

During which kind of situation might a person be more likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence

when the correct choice is unclear

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983,2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

women report experiencing more stress than men