Chapter 12
Emotion
A response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience
Where are B lymphocytes formed?
Bone marrow
Catharsis
Emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that releasing aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
Type B
Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people
Psychoneuroimmunology
The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
Polygraph
A machine, commonly used to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes)
Health psychology
A sub field if psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioural medicine
Biofeedback
A system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension
Coping
Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioural methods
Americans are more likely than Japanese do what?
Allow their facial expressions to openly display their feelings
Behavioural medicine
An interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioural and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease
Complementary and alternative medicine
As yet unproven health care treatments intended to supplement or serve as alternatives to conventional medicine, and which typically are not widely taught in medical schools, used in hospital, or reimbursed companies. When research shows a therapy to be safe and effective, it usually then becomes part of accepted medical practice
Emotion-focused coping
Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to ones stress reaction
Problem-focused coping
Attempting to alleviate stress directly-by changing the stressor or the way we inter at I with that stressor
What does the activation of the sympathetic nervous system do to the body?
Decreases salivation and increases blood pressure
Your friend's father has just passed away. You don't just say you are sorry for the loss, but rather you tell your friend that you truly feel the pain that she is going through. You really understand her grief and both of you are crying together. This is an example of what?
Empathy
Type A
Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people
The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the impact of
Happiness on helpfulness
Dr. Harper is studying the effects of HIV awareness campaigns and the reduction of new HIV cases within the Latino population of a major city. He is examining what is working and what is not working to stem the tide of this high-risk area of the city. He is also looking at medication compliance and wellness examinations. What kind of psychologist is he?
Health
A month ago, Jason lost his job due to circumstances beyond his control and he is very concerned about his financial situation. Since then, he has learned that his wife will not be able to return to Canada because she cannot get her "permanent residency" authorization, and that his comfortable apartment is bring sold, and that he must find another place to live. Given what happens when people feel unable to control their environment, which of the following do you think is likely to be true of Jason?
His immune response is dropping
Adaptation-level phenomenon
Our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
People's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood
Highly emotional people are intense partly because of their interpretations. They may _____ events as being somehow directed at them, and they may _____ their experiences by blowing single incidents out of proportion.
Personalize; generalize
Perceived loss on control is associated with _____ epinephrine levels and _____ lymphocyte levels:
Raised and lowered
What is the second phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) characterized by?
Resistance
According to the Schacter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, which of the following is the correct sequence of events when a car drives directly toward us and we experience emotion?
See an oncoming car; heart pounds and, at the same time, the arousal is cognitively labeled; experience fear
Subjective well-being
Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life
General adaptation syndrome
Selyes concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases-alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Compared with monkeys left in stable groups, those they were housed with 3 or 4 new roommates each month were more likely to experience what?
Suppressed production of lymphocytes
Two-Factor Theory
The Schachter-Singer Theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
Coronary heart disease
The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries
Relative deprivation
The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one composites oneself
Stress
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Cannon-Bard Theory
The theory that an emotion-arousing tumulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion
James-Lange Theory
The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion arousing stimuli
Lymphocytes
The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances
Mandisa is under an extreme amount of stress. She is battling with her ex-husband about money and their children. In this time of stress, Mandisa turns to her friends for support and spends as much time with her children as possible. Taylor and colleagues would say that she is responding to stress according to which of the following models?
"Tend or Befriend"
What does activation of the parasympathetic nervous system do?
Increases salvation and decreases blood pressure
Aerobic exercise _____ the body's production of serotonin and _____ its production of the endorphins.
Increases; increases
Which part of the brain results in increased activity when a person is in a positive mood?
Left frontal lobe
Psychophysiological illness
Literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches
What does the James-Lange theory of emotion suggest is the most important aspect of emotions?
Our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
In a senior writing seminar, students were asked to write a brief autobiography. 60 years later, if researcher were to analyze these autobiographies, what would be the most likely outcome in terms of their longevity (i.e., which group is likely to live an average of 7 years longer)?
Those who had expressed happiness, love, and other positive feelings in their autobiographies
You look down while sitting at the top of the ferris wheel. You immediately feel your heart start to pound. You are confused by the response until you remember your last experience on a ferris wheel. During that experience, the wind started to blow, the seats began to rock, and you thought you were going to die. You realize your heart is pounding because you are afraid. Which of these following theories best explains this sequence of events?
Two-factor theory
People tend to use emotion-focused, rather than problem-focused, coping strategies in which situation?
When they believe they cannot change a stressful situation