Chapter 12

The first step in experiencing stress is ____.

Appraisal

The human immunodeficiency virus can be spread by coming in contact with infected _______.

Blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk

Research shows that laughter _____.

Boosts immune function

Immunosuppression refers to ______.

Dampening of the immune system function in response to stress

Which type of neurotransmitter acts as a natural mood elevator?

Endorphins

The most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States is _____.

HPV

In approach-avoidance conflicts, a person ____.

Is faced with a choice that has both positive and negative consequences

Ray believes that he has no control over his grades and that even his best efforts will still result in failure. Ray would be likely to score high in _________.

Learned helplessness

The leading preventable cause of intellectual disability in the U.S. is _________.

Maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy

The female response to stress may be related to the hormone _____.

Oxytocin

When you feel that you can actually do something about a situation, you will be most likely to use what type of coping strategy?

Problem-focused coping

In comparison to adult females, adult males ____.

Produce higher corticosteroid levels when stressed

As an adult, dealing with stress by throwing a child-like temper tantrum would be an example of _______.

Regression

When a person evaluates what must be done to cope with or manage the stressor they are engaged in ______.

Secondary appraisal

Stress is any _____.

Stimulus or event that we respond to because we perceive it as threatening or challenging

According to research, which of the following would result in the greatest impairment of reaction time while driving?

Texting

Which individual is most at risk for illness or disease?

The one who has a high fat diet

Health-defeating and health-promoting behaviors share what in common?

They are behaviors that are under our control

A person who is competitive, impatient, and easily angered fits the description of a(n) ___________.

Type A personality

Of the following, which personality characteristic is most associated with the risk of a heart attack? a. A sense of time urgency b. Hostility c. Workaholic d. Competitive

d. Competitive