Chapter 12

Daniel's friends are a year older than him. They took calculus last year and constantly complained about the difficulty of the class. Daniel is taking calculus this year and he doesn't expect that he is capable of passing the class. As a result, he never does his homework or studies and he ends up with a failing midterm grade. This is an example of:

a self-fulfilling prophecy

John believes that all Americans are lazy and rude. This is an example of:

a stereotype

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

Personal explanations formed about causes of behavior or events that we see are called:

attributions

All of the following factors increase obedience EXCEPT:

close proximity to victims.

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward epch other. They have a relationship based on____________ love.

companionate

Lenny and Ruth have a love relationship characterized by high levels of intimacy and commitment. They have been married for 14 years and report that they haven't experienced passion in their relationship for some time. Using the triangular model, their love would be described as:

companionate love

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ___________ of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Migram's instructions.

confederate

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n)______________.

confirmation bias

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of:

conformity

Marcus and Natasha are newleyweds. They report high levels of passion, intimacy, and commitment in their relationship. Their love would best be described as:

consummate love

Lucas walks around his busy college campus between classes. He notices smoke coming out from one of the buildings, but decides not to call the fire department because he assumes that someone else has already called. What psychological phenomenon does this example illustrate?

diffusion of responsibility

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of_____________.

diffusion of responsibility

Nick is a landlord. He believes that people with mental disorders are dangerous. As a result, he refuses to rent an apartment to anyone with a mental disorder. Nick's behavior of refusing to rent his apartments is an example of

discrimination

While stuck in a traffic jam, Yani notices a frustrated driver frequently honking his horn, Yani thinks to himself, That driver is a real jerk" This is an example of a _____________ attribution.

dispositional

When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he'd had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of __________.

empathy

Janice leads a team of 20 employees. If Janice wants to reduce the chances of social loafing in her team, she should do all of the following EXCEPT

evaluate performance for the group as a whole

Mike begs his mom to go to his friend Will's house for dinner. She agrees and after dinner, Mike calls his mom to ask if he can also spend the night. Mike is using the ___________ compliance technique.

foot-in-the-door

When making a group decision, Corey and colleagues typically discourage debate about various ideas and focus on building consensus their manager's ideas. This practice is typical in:

groupthink.

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

having group members vote anonymously

Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like peopie who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called _____________ don't you?

homophobia

The __________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

just-world

According to research discussed in your textbook, prejudice is reduced when:

members of different groups are made to work together to achieve a common goal.

If a person had an epileptic seizure in a public place, she would be most likely to be helped if _____________ in the area.

one person was

Cognitive dissonance results when:

one's attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent.

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the _________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself.

peripheral

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called_____________.

prejudice

When Ginger goes on a run with her friends, she runs much faster than when she is alone. What is this an example of?

social facilitation

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink?

social facilitation

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment?

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

When people explain their own behavior by making a situational attribution and the behavior of others by making a dispositional attribution, it is called:

the actor-observer bias

What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship?

the amount of contact you have with people

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. She then goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating _______________.

the fundamental attribution error

The tendency to attribute behavior to dispositional causes without regard to situational influences is known as:

the fundamental attribution error

When Ruby wrecked her car, she told her parents that the sun was in her eyes, which caused her to crash. When Ruby received a perfect score on her math test, she attributed her success to her intelligence. Ruby is demonstrating:

the self-serving bias

Which of the following is an example of a disposition all attribution?

Don helped his friend, Matt, study for his math test because he is a caring person.

Lamar asks his dad for a new Lexus for his birthday. When his dad quickly shuts his request down, Lamar asks his dad for a much less expensive used Chevy and his dad agrees. What compliance technique is Lamar using?

Door-in-the-face

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentialy causing serious harm to another person.

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

In 1956, a psychologist set up an experiment in which people were shown a 10-inch line. They had to choose the line (from a group of three) that was the same length as the original line. ___________conducted this experiment in order to study_______________.

Solomon Asch; conformity

In 1963, a psychologist at Yale University conducted a study in which an authority figure (the experimenter) instructed participants to shock who they thought was another participant each time they answered a question incorrectly. _______________ conducted this experiment in order to study _____________.

Stanley Milgram; obedience