Chapter 12 HW

which of the following are not host products that target infecting microbes

Virulence factors, lymphatic fluid, PAMPS

Lymphocyte

Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?

lymphocytes

Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body's third line of defense?

neutrophils

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

complement

targets membranes of pathogens and also of pathogen-infected host cells

tumor-cancer

45. Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation? A. rubor - redness B. calor - warmth C. tumor - cancer D. dolar - pain E. None of these is mismatched.

Antigens

A cells have a unique mix of macromolecules on their surfaces called ____________

Histocyte

A differentiated macrophage that takes up residence in certain tissues

Macrophage

A large white blood cell derived from a monocyte and involved with specific immune reactions is called a tissue ___________

increases capillary permeability and vasodilation

All of the following pertain to interferon except it ________ includes alpha, beta, and gamma types is produced by certain white blood cells and tissue cells is a protein increases capillary permeability and vasodilation inhibits viruses, tumors, and cancer gene expression

contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

All of the following pertain to platelets except A) contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide B) also called thrombocytes C) originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes D) function in blood clotting and inflammation E) they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells

List the correct order of events in phagocytosis

Chemotaxis, ingestion, destruction and excretion

Phagocytosis

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

lymphocytes

Each of the following are granulocytes except ________ neutrophils lymphocytes All of the choices are granulocytes. eosinophils basophils

Neutrophils

Essential leukocytes of the blood that acts as active phagocytes and killers of bacteria.

Lymphocytes

The group of leukocytes that includes B cells, T cells, and NK cells.

edema

The leakage of excess fluid into tissues is called

Basophils

The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation

GALT

The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as

Immunology

The study of all features of the body's second and third lines of defenses

antigen

The term ______ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response.

-Move freely among lymphoid tissues and connective tissue, Responsible for cell mediated immunity, Mature in the thymus

Select all of the characteristics of B lymphocytes, which are involved in specific immunity.

- thymus - lymph nodes, spleen, GALT - macrophages -Heart (circulates components) -Extracellular fluid-filled spaces

Select all of the components of the mononuclear phagocyte system to test your understanding of the components of this system.

Provides a route to extract fluid from circulation in order to diffuse into extracellular spaces Helps to regulate the inflammatory response by acting as a "drain-off" system Moves like the blood in response to pumping by the heart Lymph contains a number of immune cells and their products to defend against pathogens

Select all that represent characteristics of the lymphatic system to test your understanding of its structure and major functions.

-Innate cellular and chemical defenses -Phagocytosis and inflammation -Innate anatomical and physiological barriers -Innate host defenses due to B and T cells and their products -Use of drugs and antibiotics

Select the examples of nonspecific host defense mechanisms in order to test your understanding of host defenses.

Chemotaxis

the tendency of cells to migrate in response to a specific chemical stimulus given off at a site of injury or infection

What are types of the immunity of each defense:

First- Nonspecfic Second- Nonspecific Third- Specific

eosinophils

The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are ________.

histiocyte cells include

liver (Kupffer cells), lungs (alveolar macrophages), skin (Langerhans cells), brain (microglia), and others.

Granulocytes

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called _____ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors

False

A slight to moderate fever in an otherwise healthy patient should be treated with fever reducing drugs

phagocytic white blood cells

Components of the first line of defense include all the following, except A. the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin. B. nasal hairs. C. flushing action of tears and blinking. D. flushing action of urine. E. phagocytic white blood cells.

increases the availability of iron.

Each of the following are benefits of fever except it A. reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply. B. increases the availability of iron. C. increases phagocytosis. D. increases metabolism. E. stimulates hematopoiesis.

Tcells

Each of the following are physical barriers to pathogens except ________. hairs T cells mucus tears unbroken skin

PAMPs are molecules present only on microorganisms, and they serve as signal molecules for pathogen recognition. Viruses do not contain PAMPs because they are not living cells. PAMPs are signal molecules found on all organisms, and they help the immune system distinguish self from nonself. PRRs are present at all times on phagocytic cells and even lymphocytes, regardless of whether they have encountered their corresponding PAMP. Phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils and dendritic cells, only synthesize PRRs once they have encountered the corresponding PAMP.

Evaluate the statements below, and select those that correctly apply to the role of PAMPs and PRRs in microbe recognition and phagocytosis.

vasoactive mediators

Histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin are all

markers

Immune system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their

they are not antigen-specific; they contribute to host defenses regardless of the source of activation

Inflammation, fever, phagocytosis, and antimicrobial molecules are considered innate because _______

Include Kupffer cells

Which of the following is incorrect about circulating blood cells? -After birth, produced in red bone marrow sites -Include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes I-nclude erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nuclei -Develop from undifferentiated stem cells -Include Kupffer cells

All of the choices are correct

Plasma -is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. -is mostly water. -contains albumin and globulins. -contains fibrinogen. -All of the choices are correct.

Benefits of fever

Stimulation of host immune reactions Inhibited growth of temperature sensitive microbes Increased levels of phagocytosis Stimulation of hematopoiesis Increased host metabolism

skin

This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal flora

Lymph nodes

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck

Macrophages

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into ________

macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils

Which of the following is in the correct order from greatest to least phagocytic activity?