Chapter 12

Agricultural diversity in the Old South was practically nonexistent True or False

False

A black overseer on a plantation was known as a driver True or False

True

Denmark Vesey plotted a slave insurrection in Charleston, South Carolina True or False

True

Falling crop prices and soil exhaustion spurred many residents from the Carolinas and Virginia to migrate to the Old Southwest True or False

True

By 1860 what percentage of white southern families owned slaves? a. 25% b. 2% c. 75% d. 100% e. 50%

a. 25%

Who was the famous American who, as a slave, borrowed sailor's papers and escaped from Baltimore to New York City in 1838? a. Frederick Douglass b. Gabriel Prosser c. HintonHelter d. Fitzhugh Pidgin e. Denmark Vesey

a. Frederick Douglass

Why was organized resistance to slavery by slaves risky? a. Most slaves supported slavery b. Southern whites possessed overwhelming authority and firepower c. Slaves were pacifists d. Slaves did not possess an alternative vision of what should replace slavery e. Slaves believed that disorganized resistance was far more effective

b. Southern whites possessed overwhelming authority and firepower

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Upper South and the Lower South? a. The Upper South depended entirely on cotton, while the Lower South had a diversified economy b. Both sections aggressively advocated secession c. After about 1830, both were united in their defense of slavery d. The Upper South tended to identify more with the North than with the Lower South e. Both sections were beginning to industrialize

c. After about 1830, both were united in their defense of slavery

How would you describe antebellum southern politics? a. Serious and divisive issues caused fragmentation b. Only the Democratic party had any support in the South c. An underlying political unity reigned despite conflicts d. The political structure was controlled by one social group e. None of these choices

c. An underlying political unity reigned despite conflicts

Which of the following is an accurate description of the typical slave diet? a. Slaves usually suffered from malnutrition b. They ate better than whites during the summer, but worse during the winter c. It was generally unbalanced, but there was plenty of food d. It was vegetarian e. It was heavy in seafood but low in grains and vegetables

c. It was generally unbalanced, but there was plenty of food

In the antebellum period, which of the following was in the Old Southwest? a. Virginia b. North Carolina c. Mississippi d. Georgia e. South Carolina

c. Mississippi

Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of slavery? a. Family life was very important to a slave's existence b. Religion offered slaves hope and a meaning to life c. Most slaves gladly accepted the limits on their freedom in return for security d. Slaves sometimes protested in small but significant ways e. Most slaves worked in agriculture

c. Most slaves gladly accepted the limits on their freedom in return for security

Who led the 1831 rebellion in Southampton County, VA that terrified the South for generations? a. Denmark Vesey b. Gabriel Prosser c. Nat Turner d. Frederick Douglass e. John Sambo

c. Nat Turner

Why were slave women valued by slave owners? a. They exclusively did the household labor b. They had low birth rates due to their oppression c. Their ability to reproduce increased the number of slaves owned d. They were allowed to marry white men e. They were solely responsible for harvesting the fields

c. Their ability to reproduce increased the number of slaves owned

Which of the following is an accurate statement about slave uprisings in the antebellum South? a. They occurred frequently b. They were infrequent but usually bloody c. There were only three, and only one resulted in white deaths d. No slave uprising occurred after 1787 e. Slaveowners had no fear of them

c. There were only three, and only one resulted in white deaths

What did white southerners think of the idea of slaves working in factories? a. They saw it as a way to earn extra money, by hiring out their slaves b. They thought it was a natural extension of their work in cotton plantations c. They feared that away from plantation supervision, slaves would act like free laborers d. They didn't think slaves had the skills or intelligence to handle the machinery e. All of these choices

c. They feared that away from plantation supervision, slaves would act like free laborers

What role did Native Americans play in slave escapes? a. They helped hide runaway slaves from masters b. They played no role, preferring to minimize their relationships with white society c. They often captured runaways so they could claim a reward d. All of these choices e. None of these choices

c. They often captured runaways so they could claim a reward

Which of the following was a common form of slave resistance? a. Armed uprisings b. Purchasing their freedom c. Work stoppages and theft d. Refusal to marry e. Murder

c. Work stoppages and theft

The rapid expansion of the cotton belt in the South: a. reduced the significance of slavery b. spurred a rise in the number of enslaved blacks given their freedom c. ensured that the region became more dependent on enslaved black workers d. increased the responsibilities of field work for the plantation mistress e. eliminated the presence of all other staple crops throughout the region

c. ensured that the region became more dependent on enslaved black workers

The plantation mistress: a. usually led a life of idle leisure b. often criticized the prevailing social order and racist climate c. generally confronted a double standard in terms of moral and sexual behavior d. was sometimes known as the slave driver e. represented the typical southern white woman

c. generally confronted a double standard in terms of moral and sexual behavior

The movie Gone with the Wind: a. realistically portrays slavery b. mirrors the portrayal of the South in Uncle Tom's Cabin c. presents a mythic view of the Old South d. has little remaining influence in our culture e. offended white southerners at the time of its release

c. presents a mythic view of the Old South

Slave owners in the antebellum South acquired additional slaves from: a. Africa b. Brazil c. the domestic slave trade d. the West Indies e. Asia

c. the domestic slave trade

What fact of life was the greatest source of sorrow for plantation wives? a. farm life was difficult and harsh b. the loss of their children to malaria and other diseases that plagued the plantation South c. their husbands' sexual relationships with slave women d. that many were opposed to slavery but were powerless to stop it e. All of these choices

c. their husbands' sexual relationships with slave women

Approximately how many slaves joined Christian denominations by 1860? a. none b. 100 percent c. More than half d. 20 percent e. less than 1 percent

d. 20 percent

Approximately how many slaves lived in the South in 1860? a. 30,000 b. 100,000 c. 1 million d. 4 million e. 10 million

d. 4 million

Which list of states contains only states that were part of the Upper South? a. Kentucky, Tennessee, and Maryland b. Alabama, Virginia, and South Carolina c. Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina d. Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas e. Tennessee, Mississippi, and Missouri

d. Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas

Which of the following was NOT a major motivation for whipping a slave? a. illustrating absolute physical control b. showing other slaves the penalty for bad behavior and poor habits c. as a punishment for a crime d. for failing to recognize the moral superiority of the overseer and driver e. for failing to meet labor expectations

d. for failing to recognize the moral superiority of the overseer and driver

A typical form of resistance pursued by slaves entailed: a. outright rebellion b. running away c. suicide d. malingering, feigning illness, and sabotage e. arson

d. malingering, feigning illness, and sabotage

On a plantation, the position responsible for managing the agricultural production in every way was the: a. driver b. slave c. field hand d. overseer e. master

d. overseer

Some free blacks were: a. eligible to vote b. immigrants from the Caribbean c. local political leaders d. people of mixed ancestry called mulattoes e. considered equal to whites

d. people of mixed ancestry called mulattoes

Plantation mistresses: a. tended to oppose slavery b. very seldom toiled c. were usually college educated d. supervised the domestic household e. could count on their husbands being faithful

d. supervised the domestic household

How did the 1831 Nat Turner rebellion affect the lives of free blacks in the South? a. Laws that restricted their freedom were tightened b. Most southern states passed laws making it a felony to teach blacks to read or write c. All southern states passed laws preventing free blacks from entering the state d. Arkansas ordered all free blacks to leave e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Solomon Northup

free black man kidnapped and sold into slavery in the South

Nat Turner

led a slave revolt in 1831 in Southampton County, Virginia

Mary Chesnut

plantation mistress who was a critic of the plantation system

Gabriel Prosser

plotted a slave revolt near Richmond in 1800

Frederick Douglass

ran away from slavery in Maryland and became an outspoken critic of the institution

Denmark Vesey

allegedly plotted slave rebellion in South Carolina

What was the largest group of southern whites in the antebellum period? a. Planters b. Small slaveholders c. Nonslaveholding yeomen d. Urban shopkeepers e. People of the pine barrens

c. Nonslaveholding yeomen

The large-scale slaveholding planter class made up only a very small portion of the overall southern society True or False

True

The operation of the domestic slave trade often meant separating families from each other True or False

True

Harriet Beecher Stowe

author of Uncle Tom's Cabin

The percentage of the native-born population in the South was high in comparison to other parts of the country True or False

True

Free blacks were usually wealthy and highly educated True or False

False

Men on the southern frontier generally avoided alcohol, gambling, or fighting True or False

False

One of the most realistic depictions of the Old South comes from the classic film Gone with the Wind True or False

False

The Old South was a socially, culturally, and economically unified region of the United States True or False

False

The South was overwhelmingly Catholic True or False

False

The slave population in the South showed no significant growth between 1790 and 1830 True or False

False

Tobacco was the first major cash crop of the South True or False

True

Visitors to the South often had a hard time telling poor whites apart from small farmers True or False

True

The complex code of honor that shaped relationships among elite men in the Old South is defined as a. A belief that a man's personal value depended on how others saw him and that his reputation was his strongest asset b. A solid sense of self c. The notion that people behave in a self-disciplined manner, regardless of what others thought d. A strict adherence to the idea that allegiance to one's race stood above all else e. The defense of one's beliefs in the face of criticism

a. A belief that a man's personal value depended on how others saw him and that his reputation was his strongest asset

Which of the following was one of the hallmarks of the West African cultures from which many American slaves had originated? a. Broad kinship ties b. Loose standards of morality c. Lackofaworkethic d. No knowledge of relatives e. An overriding parent-child bond

a. Broad kinship ties

What characterized life for most plantation mistresses? a. Isolation, drudgery, and humiliation b. An endless round of parties and dances c. Frequent trips to town to buy new gowns d. Secret abolitionist activity e. Hours of exposure each day to the sun, as they supervised the slaves

a. Isolation, drudgery, and humiliation

Why was the Tredegar Iron Works significant? a. It was one of the few, large iron producers in the South b. It provided the steel to build the skyscrapers in the north c. It employed only free blacks d. It was one of the few southern companies that used slaves e. It was the first of many iron works that developed in the South in the 1840s

a. It was one of the few, large iron producers in the South

In 1860, about what percent of slave owners owned more than 20 slaves? a. Only about 12 percent b. Only about 20 percent c. Only about 30 percent d. Only about 40 percent e. Only about 50 percent

a. Only about 12 percent

Which of the following did Southern evangelical churches generally not oppose? a. Owning slaves b. Gambling c. Dueling d. Drinking e. Sin

a. Owning slaves

Which of the following was one of the Southern reactions to the Nat Turner rebellion? a. Protestant missionaries intensified their efforts to convert slaves b. Laws restricting free blacks were loosened c. Leaders in many Southern cities imposed bans on slaves working in the city d. There was a wave of bloody revenge attacks orchestrated by members of the K.K.K. e. State governments passed laws making it illegal for slaves to read the Bible

a. Protestant missionaries intensified their efforts to convert slaves

What did the typical southern yeoman want? a. Self-sufficiency with a modest profit b. Profit more than self-sufficiency c. Largenumbersofslaves d. Opportunities to invest in northern factories e. A chance to move to the city

a. Self-sufficiency with a modest profit

Why were theories of racial superiority significant in the South? a. They created a sense of unity that bridged class divisions among most southern whites b. They were primarily adhered to by the planter elite that owned slaves c. They played no role in encouraging white support of slavery d. They were created by slaves to justify their enslavement e. They fostered slave rebellions among slaves who believed in the inferiority of the planter class

a. They created a sense of unity that bridged class divisions among most southern whites

How would southern whites attempt to prevent slave rebellions? a. They met any sign of resistance or rebellion with a brutal response b. They tried to ensure slave loyalty through kind treatment and monetary compensation c. They had dark-skinned whites infiltrate and spy on slave communities d. They offered freedom and passage out of the South to the most troublesome slaves e. They taught slaves the value of hard work

a. They met any sign of resistance or rebellion with a brutal response

Life in the Old Southwest was characterized by: a. a lack of women b. pleasant working conditions c. prohibition of alcohol d. pacifism e. opposition to slavery

a. a lack of women

As southerners moved farther west and south between 1812 and 1860: a. cotton production soared b. the South became less agricultural c. the South became less distinctive d. fewer slaves were needed e. North-South relations got better

a. cotton production soared

Poor whites were often employed as: a. day laborers b. blacksmiths and other skilled labor positions c. slave drivers d. teachers e. indentured servants

a. day laborers

By 1860, slavery was most concentrated: a. in the Lower South b. in the Carolinas c. in the Upper South d. in Texas and Louisiana e. equally through the South

a. in the Lower South

The development of southern industry: a. lagged behind the North b. was more significant than agriculture to the southern economy c. was the only sector of the southern economy that did not rely on slaves d. turned the North into a colonial dependency of the more developed South e. was nonexistent before the Civil War

a. lagged behind the North

Slave religion: a. mixed African and Christian elements b. caused slaves to accept their condition c. required reading of the Bible d. was stamped out by white masters e. was best observed during racially integrated church services

a. mixed African and Christian elements

What was NOT a common way that slaves established their private communities? a. openly attempted to organize religious services b. told stories about figures like Brer Rabbit who used his wits to survive against overwhelming odds c. gathered in secret night meetings where singing and dancing gave them a much needed emotional release d. sang religious spirituals that possessed double meanings e. embraced religion as a way to spiritually free themselves from their captivity

a. openly attempted to organize religious services

To be called a "planter," one had to: a. own at least twenty slaves b. work alongside slaves c. be engaged in the slave trade d. own thousands of slaves e. avoid involvement in politics

a. own at least twenty slaves

Free blacks in the South: a. sometimes owned slaves b. were always of mixed race c. enjoyed full legal equality d. outnumbered slaves e. mostly emigrated to Africa

a. sometimes owned slaves

The focus on cotton and other cash crops has obscured the degree to which: a. the antebellum South fed itself from its own fields b. the South became totally dependent on the West for its food c. the South relied on Britain for its manufactured goods d. the North had to use imported cotton from overseas for its textile manufacturers e. most white southerners lived and worked in cities

a. the antebellum South fed itself from its own fields

Slaves living in southern cities had a much different experience from those on farms because: a. they were able to interact with an extended interracial community b. they held political power c. they almost always received a formal education d. there were no women slaves in urban areas e. only free blacks could own slaves in the city

a. they were able to interact with an extended interracial community

Where did over half of all free blacks in the Lower South live? a. In rural areas b. In cities c. Onplantations d. In shacks on river banks or near railroad lines e. In small coastal villages

b. In cities

What was the status of the black slave family? a. Children and mothers were kept together b. It had no legal status c. It was the institution that kept the slave system functioning for many generations d. It was the same as that of free white families e. Extended families spanning several generations were common

b. It had no legal status

Why did Southern education lag behind northern education? a. The South had no money for schools b. Southerners rejected compulsory education c. There were too many children to be educated d. Slaves demanded to be educated along with whites e. Southerners wanted to educate their slaves but did not have the tax base to do so

b. Southerners rejected compulsory education

Which of the following is a crop that was not associated with the Upper South? a. Vegetables b. Sugar c. Wheat d. Tobacco e. Hemp

b. Sugar

The rules that governed virtually every aspect a. paternalism b. a slave code c. civil law d. slaveocracy e. total control

b. a slave code

The Old Southwest: a. included Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah b. attracted thousands of settlers in the 1820s and 1830s with its low land prices and suitability for cotton production c. attracted nearly twice as many female as male settlers in the early years d. soon boasted the nation's highest standards of public education e. was a promised land for slaves because of superior work conditions

b. attracted thousands of settlers in the 1820s and 1830s with its low land prices

According to Frederick Douglass, slaves sang most when they were a. escaping from the plantation b. extremely unhappy c. very happy d. about to be married e. about to be sold to a new master

b. extremely unhappy

Which of the following was not a part of the "masculine" culture of the Old Southwest's frontier? a. violence b. gender equality c. alcohol use d. gambling e. sexual promiscuity

b. gender equality

Middling farmers in the South: a. usually owned slaves b. generally supported white supremacy c. lived on the verge of starvation d. were the lower class of the region e. were outnumbered by the planters

b. generally supported white supremacy

In the eighteenth century Piedmont, how did most planters live? a. in big mansions b. in log cabins c. in homes that they shared with slaves d. in densely settled areas with neighbors close by e. None of these choices

b. in log cabins

One of the South's chief defenders of slavery, George Fitzhugh, argued that a. ancient slave societies had produced the world's great intellectuals, such as Plato b. northern factory workers labored under harsh, inhumane conditions, whereas southern slaves were well fed and better cared for in comparison c. there were slaves in the Bible d. attacks on slavery were really attacks on the family − especially the southern family e. None of these choices

b. northern factory workers labored under harsh, inhumane conditions, whereas southern slaves were well fed and better cared for in comparison

Most runaway slaves a. escaped to the North on the Underground Railroad b. remained in the South c. relocated with the help of northern abolitionists d. were recaptured and beaten to death e. returned to Africa

b. remained in the South

During the first half of the nineteenth century, cotton became the most profitable form of agriculture, surpassing: a. swine b. rice c. indigo d. tobacco e. hemp

b. rice

The Underground Railroad a. provided an effective way for slaves to escape b. was a network that helped slaves to escape c. offered slaves the opportunity to leave a plantation for a few days before returning d. helped close to 25,000 slaves escape to the North e. was largely financed by wealthy southern abolitionists

b. was a network that helped slaves to escape

During the nineteenth century, major slave rebellions: a. occurred frequently b. were rare c. were sometimes joined by poor whites d. had about even odds of success e. happened most often in the Lower South

b. were rare

The most numerous white southerners were the: a. planters b. yeoman farmers c. "poor whites" d. manufacturers e. overseers

b. yeoman farmers

What was the religion of the majority of slaves when they were transported from Africa to the United States? a. Catholic b. Muslim c. A variety of native religions d. Protestant e. Hindu

c. A variety of native religions

Which of the following was the most interracial institution in the Old South? a. Grammar school b. Voluntary organization c. Church d. Fraternity e. College

c. Church

Which of the following was one of the few groups in the Old South to reject the dueling, brawling, and drinking of southern society? a. The people of the pine barrens b. Plantation mistresses c. Evangelical churches+ d. State legislatures e. Lawyers of the Lower South

c. Evangelical churches+

Which of the following statements was generally true of slave life? a. Their lives were very similar from place to place and master to master b. Masters saw the wisdom in feeding their slaves well c. Field hands were organized into work gangs d. Slave mothers saw the overwhelming majority of their children reach adulthood e. Punishments were only meted out when a serious crime warranted them

c. Field hands were organized into work gangs

Which of the following is not a reason why the Upper South tended to identify with the Lower South rather than with the North? a. The settlers in the Lower South had come from the Upper South b. Abolitionist criticism drew southerners together c. Railroads linked Upper and Lower South d. All southerners benefited from the three-fifths compromise in the Constitution e. The Upper and Lower South were tied economically

c. Railroads linked Upper and Lower South

What made the pine barren people so controversial in the Old South? a. They formed communities of antislavery activists, hiring only white laborers b. As squatters who lived in ramshackle houses, they were cited by northerners as proof that slavery degraded poor whites c. They refused to work to support themselves, and instead hunted, gathered and sometimes stole from elite plantations d. Their poverty was an embarrassment to the southern planter elite e. All of these choices

c. They refused to work to support themselves, and instead hunted, gathered and sometimes stole from elite plantations

Most southern men prided themselves on adhering to a moral code based on: a. deference to female authority b. racial equality c. a prickly sense of honor d. the disregard of elders e. pacifism

c. a prickly sense of honor

The legal prohibition that denied slaves the right to marry: a. prevented slaves from forming families b. led to a devaluing of love in the slave community c. did not stop slaves from choosing partners and forging a family life d. reduced the significance of religion in slave life e. did not apply to white mistresses who chose to marry a slave

c. did not stop slaves from choosing partners and forging a family life

In The Impending Crisis of the South, Hinton Helper argued that a. popular sovereignty was the solution to the nation's crisis b. the South had to secede from the Union c. nonslaveholders should abolish slavery in their own interest d. the Republican party wanted to enslave the South e. the South had to industrialize to survive

c. nonslaveholders should abolish slavery in their own interest

All of the following statements about southern free blacks are true EXCEPT: a. most were very poor b. some were slave owners themselves c. there were no women were among them d. some owned and operated businesses that served a white clientele e. they were still subject to racist legal restrictions not imposed upon whites

c. there were no women were among them

How did the Lower South acquire the slaves it used after 1808? a. It continued to import slaves from Africa b. It bought them from plantation owners in the Caribbean c. It established breeding centers in north western Georgia d. It acquired most of its slaves from the Upper South e. It arranged for the passage of Africans as indentured servants and then forced them into slavery

d. It acquired most of its slaves from the Upper South

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that nonslaveholding southerners supported the slave system? a. Some hoped to become slaveholders b. They accepted the racist assumptions of slavery c. They feared what freed slaves might do d. They knew that they were outnumbered and had no choice but to support it e. They felt that their futures were tied to the survival of the system

d. They knew that they were outnumbered and had no choice but to support it

The South's population: a. was more ethnically diverse than any other area in the country b. had more immigrants from Germany than from any other country after the Revolution c. declined significantly after the Revolution d. had a high proportion of native-born, both black and white e. was racially unified due to the region's ban on all immigration

d. had a high proportion of native-born, both black and white

All the following might be used to explain the South's distinctiveness EXCEPT: a. its climate b. its preponderance of farming c. its biracial population d. the high proportion of immigrants that comprised the overall southern population e. its determination to preserve slavery

d. the high proportion of immigrants that comprised the overall southern population

What portion of the South's white population had no proprietary interest in slaves? a. one tenth b. one fourth c. one half d. two thirds e. three fourths

d. two thirds

Which of these reflects the opportunities that cities provided for free blacks in the Old South? a. They could enter a variety of skilled professions, such as carpenters, barbers, or barrel makers b. They could form or join their own churches c. They could invest in real estate and watch their fortunes grow−even to the point of owning slaves themselves d. None of these choices e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Why did factories develop slowly in the South? a. Slave discipline was difficult to maintain in a factory system b. The economic rewards of agriculture were more certain c. Industrialization might have disrupted the traditional southern social structure d. To raise the capital needed to build factories, Southerners would have had to sell slaves e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

By 1860, the significance of Britain to the southern economy was based on the fact that: a. Britain provided most of the slaves to the South b. Britain was the major consumer of southern tobacco c. British consumers sparked the growth of the thriving southern indigo trade d. Britain had pledged itself to protect the institution of slavery e. Britain was a major importer of southern cotton

e. Britain was a major importer of southern cotton

Which of the following was not one of the reasons that cotton became "king" in the South? a. It could be grown profitably on any scale, not just on large plantations b. Southern climate was suited to cotton cultivation c. The growth of the British textile industry had created a huge demand for cotton d. Indian removals had made way for southern expansion into the "Cotton Kingdom" e. It required the use of slaves

e. It required the use of slaves

Which of the following was NOT part of the myth of the Old South's superiority? a. The standard of living in northern states had declined since slavery had been banned b. Kind planters indulged their happy slaves c. Slavery was beneficial to both the master and slave d. The South was morally superior to the North e. One southerner could defeat ten northerners in combat

e. One southerner could defeat ten northerners in combat

Which of the following statements is true of plantation life? a. Once established, a plantation could basically run by itself b. Most fixed costs for plantations were quite low c. The fact that plantation families seldom moved created a great deal of stability d. The suicide rate was twice the rate of Northern factory workers e. Psychological strains, frequent moves and chronic debt were the norm for most plantation owners

e. Psychological strains, frequent moves and chronic debt were the norm for most plantation owners

Which of the following is not areas on that music and dance were important to slaves? a. They allowed slaves to demonstrate religious beliefs b. They allowed slaves to lessen the tedium of work c. They allowed slaves to express the sorrows of slavery d. They allowed slaves to call for deliverance from earthly travails e. They allowed slaves to use church music as coded signals to begin an uprising

e. They allowed slaves to use church music as coded signals to begin an uprising

Why were some slaves allowed to work in towns or cities? a. Slaveowners saw this as a way of testing a slave's loyalty b. Slaveowners usually did not have enough work for them to do on the plantation c. Southern reformers wanted slaves to learn new skills for later in life d. Slaveowners believed that it would be a way for slaves to "let off some steam" and would therefore prevent slave uprisings e. They were in steady demand to work in ports, on the rivers, and in mining and lumbering

e. They were in steady demand to work in ports, on the rivers, and in mining and lumbering

By the 1830s, most Baptists and Methodists in the South: a. condemned slavery b. owned slaves c. were wealthy planters d. were active in reform movements e. defended slavery

e. defended slavery

When in 1855 a slave named Celia killed her sexually abusive master, she was: a. acquitted b. applauded c. freed d. sentenced to life in prison e. hanged

e. hanged

By the antebellum period, all of the following remained significant cash crops in the South EXCEPT: a. cotton b. sugar c. rice d. tobacco e. indigo

e. indigo

The slave revolt led by Nat Turner: a. resulted in his escape to Canada b. was one of hundreds in American history c. proved the influence of abolitionists in the South d. was betrayed before it even got started e. killed more than 50 whites before its suppression

e. killed more than 50 whites before its suppression

Most slaves in the Lower South: a. served as household help b. supported the institution of slavery c. escaped from their masters at one point d. were white e. labored on large plantations

e. labored on large plantations

The frequency of dueling in the South was probably caused by: a. hot weather that elevated tempers b. lack of education of the participants c. the absence of police departments d. the beauty of southern women e. southerners' exalted sense of honor

e. southerners' exalted sense of honor

Slaves forced to migrate to the Old Southwest were particularly despondent over: a. the lack of meaningful work that awaited them b. the control that women exerted over the region's culture and society c. the absence of alcohol on the frontier d. the urban and industrial nature of the region e. the breakup of family ties that resulted from the migration

e. the breakup of family ties that resulted from the migration

Toussaint L'Ouverture

led a successful slave revolt on Saint-Domingue

Charles Deslondes

led the largest slave revolt in American history just north of New Orleans

Celia

was hanged for killing her master when defending herself against a sexual assault