Chapter 12 Key Issues

A ________ is an example of a settlement that specializes in public services. A) state capital B) large casino complex C) retirement community D) hospital E) shopping mall

A

The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is A) directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it. B) directly related to the median of people in the area and inversely related to the meridian of people who travel to access it. C) directly related to the range in the area and inversely related to the hinterland. D) directly related to the number of people and services in the area and inversely related to the lengths of highways and railways that access it. E) directly related to the distance people must travel and inversely related to the number of people in the area.

A

The most significant impact that Great Britain's enclosure movement made on the rural landscape was to A) produce more of a dispersed rural settlement pattern. B) improve transportation. C) increase the rural population. D) reinforce the traditional clustered rural settlement pattern. E) discourage urbanization.

A

Urbanization can be analyzed by looking at the increase in the ________ of people living in cities. A) number and percentage B) number and homogeneity C) density and heterogeneity D) size and density E) percentage and density

A

What technical development has allowed back-office functions to relocate to LDCs? A) telecommunications B) effective trademark enforcement C) improved public health services in tropical countries D) financial market reforms E) standard time zones

A

World cities are defined by A) the number and type of business services found there. B) their total population in relation to major capital cities. C) the number of museums, monuments, and universities they offer. D) their total population. E) their location relative to other cities.

A

A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement? A) dispersed rural B) clustered rural C) primordial D) linear rural E) urban

B

Back-office functions are also called A) market threshold outsourcing. B) business-process outsourcing. C) business-process offshore banking. D) tax advantage outsourcing. E) command and control centering.

B

Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America? A) West B) New England C) Coastal margins D) Middle Atlantic E) Southeast

B

Consumer services include A) health and social, professional, and financial service jobs. B) educational, retail, wholesale, social, leisure, and hospitality jobs. C) wholesale, social, leisure, and information service jobs. D) educational, retail, wholesale, professional, and financial service jobs. E) educational, retail, wholesale, and financial service jobs.

B

Heterogeneity is more a characteristic of A) manufacturing centers and rural populations. B) urban centers than rural communities. C) ancient urban centers than modern urban centers. D) suburban and rural communities. E) rural and urban centers.

B

If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution? A) equidistant B) primate city C) rank-size D) economic base E) central place

B

LDCs specialize in what two types of global business services? A) regional command and control centers B) offshore financial and back office C) entertainment and recreation D) biotechnology and medical research E) management consulting and staff training

B

One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region is A) manufacturing of textiles. B) manufacturing of durable goods. C) entertainment and recreation facilities. D) high technology services. E) government and education.

B

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the A) median. B) hinterland. C) range. D) threshold. E) meridian

B

The attraction of the outsourced "call center" industry to locate in India can best be explained by A) Indian students' ability to work at night and geographic situational factors. B) low wages and the wide use of English. C) low wages and desperate conditions. D) low wages and geographic situational factors. E) the wide use of English and the large number of working students.

B

The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is A) meridian B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) hinterland.

B

The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called the A) range. B) threshold. C) meridian. D) median. E) hinterland.

B

If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city? A) 50,000 B) 500,000 C) 200,000 D) 5,000,000 E) 100,000

C

In a linear community, we can deduce that the best location for a service is the A) hinterland. B) range. C) median. D) meridian. E) threshold.

C

The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of A) common grazing land. B) inheritance laws. C) need for access to a river. D) long distance between farms. E) collective land ownership.

C

The potential use of a service at a location is related directly to population and inversely to distance in the A) population model. B) threshold model. C) gravity model. D) distance decay. E) gravitational model.

C

Typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the A) demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town. B) broad avenues in residential districts. C) placement of buildings around a central market square. D) provision of parks and open space surrounding important churches. E) dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town.

C

Urban residents are generally more tolerant of ________ than are the residents of rural communities, but residents of urban settlements often feel that they are surrounded by people who are indifferent and reserved. A) political insiders B) uniform social behavior C) diverse social behavior D) discrimination E) tax shelters

C

Which of the following is considered to be a hearth of urban settlement? A) Australia B) North Africa C) Mesopotamia D) Rome E) southern Africa

C

Which of the following is most likely a basic economic activity? A) grocery store B) gas station C) steel mill D) video rental store E) travel agency

C

Which of the following is not primarily a consumer service? A) retail and wholesale services B) education services C) transportation services D) health services E) hospitality services

C

A primate city is A) a rapidly growing city. B) the center of gravity for a hinterland. C) a city with political, economic, and cultural functions. D) at least twice as large as the next smaller city. E) the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese.

D

In the United States about ________ of all jobs are in consumer services. A) 75 percent B) 5 percent C) 10 percent D) 50 percent E) 25 percent

D

Richard Florida's research identified a relationship between the distribution of A) talent and economic prosperity. B) business and consumer services. C) central places. D) talent and diversity. E) rural and urban settlements.

D

The attraction of the outsourced "offshore banking" industry can best be explained by A) the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries and the hiding of prostitution and capital crimes. B) corporate greed and the hiding of unethical and illegal behaviors, including prostitution. C) low wages, bank secrecy laws, and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries. D) bank secrecy laws and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries. E) the wide use of English and the large number of working students in the Cayman Islands.

D

A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a A) consumer service. B) nonbasic industry. C) functional classification. D) primate city. E) basic industry.

E

Because of its centrality in an ancient communications network, we still have the old saying "All roads lead to ________." A) Genoa B) Paris C) London D) Athens E) Rome

E

Global cities are identified and ranked by a combination of A) economic, service, industrial, and infrastructure factors. B) political and infrastructure factors. C) hinterland models. D) central place theory and gravity models. E) economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors.

E

In the United States educational services account for about ________ of jobs. A) 2 percent B) 25 percent C) 35 percent D) 1 percent E) 10 percent

E

Most people in the world live in what type of settlement? A) clustered rural B) primordial C) agricultural D) dispersed rural E) urban settlement

E

Periodic markets are likely to feature A) prices that change on a seasonal schedule. B) large sales after the holiday season. C) consumer goods that change periodically in the central business district. D) a daily offering of business services throughout the year. E) vendors who move from town to town.

E

The hierarchical listing of settlements by size is known as the A) gravity model. B) nesting of settlements. C) economic base. D) primate city. E) rank-size rule.

E

The most prominent structure in the ancient city of Ur was the stepped temple called the ________, which was built about 4,000 years ago. A) cathedral B) pyramid C) Parthenon D) Great Pyramid E) Ziggurat

E

Two major benefits many LDCs offer in terms of global financial services are A) command and control centers and dependent centers. B) tax breaks and privacy. C) privacy and low wages. D) command and control centers and low wages. E) dependent centers and tax breaks.

E