Chapter 12 Quiz

In an effort to avoid recession, the government implements a tax rebate program, effectively cutting taxes for households. We would expect this to: A. affect neither aggregate supply nor aggregate demand. B. increase aggregate demand. C. reduce aggregate demand. D. reduce aggregate supply.

B

The aggregate supply curve (short run): A. slopes downward and to the right. B. graphs as a vertical line. C. slopes upward and to the right. D. graphs as a horizontal line.

C

The immediate-short-run aggregate supply curve represents circumstances where: A. both input and output prices are fixed. B. both input and output prices are flexible. C. input prices are fixed, but output prices are flexible. D. input prices are flexible, but output prices are fixed.

A

The aggregate supply curve (short run): A. graphs as a horizontal line. B. is steeper above the full-employment output than below it. C. slopes downward and to the right. D. presumes that changes in wages and other resource prices match changes in the price level.

B

The determinants of aggregate demand: A. explain why the aggregate demand curve is downsloping. B. explain shifts in the aggregate demand curve. C. demonstrate why real output and the price level are inversely related. D. include input prices and resource productivity.

B

The aggregate supply curve (short run) is upsloping because: A. wages and other resource prices match changes in the price level. B. the price level is flexible upward but inflexible downward. C. per-unit production costs rise as the economy moves toward and beyond its full-employment real output. D. wages and other resource prices are flexible upward but inflexible downward.

C

The aggregate supply curve: A. is explained by the interest rate, real-balances, and foreign purchases effects. B. gets steeper as the economy moves from the top of the curve to the bottom of the curve. C. shows the various amounts of real output that businesses will produce at each price level. D. is downsloping because real purchasing power increases as the price level falls.

C

The factors that affect the amounts that consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners wish to purchase at each price level are the: A. real-balances, interest-rate, and foreign purchases effects. B. determinants of aggregate supply. C. determinants of aggregate demand. D. sole determinants of the equilibrium price level and the equilibrium real output.

C

An economy's aggregate demand curve shifts leftward or rightward by more than changes in initial spending because of the: A. net export effect. B. wealth effect. C. real-balances effect. D. multiplier effect.

D

The aggregate demand curve: A. is upsloping because a higher price level is necessary to make production profitable as production costs rise. B. is downsloping because production costs decline as real output increases. C. shows the amount of expenditures required to induce the production of each possible level of real output. D. shows the amount of real output that will be purchased at each possible price level.

D