Chapter 12: Race
General Timeline for Blacks in sport
- 1940's to End of World Wars; not black athletes participated in MLB, NFL, or NBA - Later in the Decade; each major team made a move to sign a black athlete, this making a change in sport (implication for 50 years) - 1950's to Near the end of the decade; African American athletes moved to a percentage of participation in major US sports - 1970; more athletes were winning championships and participating in larger numbers and it has continued to increase
Lacrosse
- considered america's first sport - created by north american indians - embraced by non-native americans
Why is it hard for Native Americans to participate in sport?
- limited time, money, and access to sport - culture may limit assimilation into the U.S. sport scene
What cultural standards within the ethnic group has affected sport participation by Latinos?
- younger - have more children - trail other ethic groups in high school and college graduates - earn less per household
What are some theories on why certain people played certain positions?
1. Centrality theory 2. Blacks and whites tend to be attracted to certain positions and that children follow the lead of their role models and seek out similar positions 3 . Coaches move players into certain positions based on race where they think athletes will be most successful
What is the percentage of Native Americans and Alaskan natives in the US?
1.6%
What are the North American Indigenous Games?
A celebration of sport and culture for aboriginal people of Canada and the U.S.
How are blacks represented in professional and collegiate sports?
African Americans now dominate the NCAA D1 basketball for men and women and black men dominate the NCAA football - African Americans count for less than 5% of collegiate athletes
What sport has a high percentage of Latino participants?
Baseball
Why did the book describe them as being double discouraging?
Discriminated twice because of race and gender
What are the statistics of black female athletes?
Fewer than 2/3 participate in sports
Where did the Latino coaches work?
Florida International University
What are the differences in the terms Hispanic and Latino?
Hispanic: describes all people whose ethnic heritage can be traced to spanish-speaking country Latino: refers to people of Latin America
Do black athletes dominate certain sports?
Many studies have said african americans have really fast twitch muscle fibers which help them in jumping and track - but its difficult to isolate factors that ascribe them exclusively to race
What is Latinos involvement in NASCAR, boxing, tennis, and golf?
NASCAR: handful of trained drivers Boxing: very popular in Latinos in the lighter weight class Recognized in the other sports also
How many Latino coaches were there in football in 2012?
One coach = Mario Cristobal
What are two positions that have seen growth between 1998-2012?
QB and RB
How does the social class of Asian Americans impact their sport participation and why?
They do not reach out to sport as a means to achieve greater economic, social, or educational goals
What social economic class do most Asian Americans fall into?
Upper or Middle class
What sports do Asian's represent within the NCAA?
Women's equestrian, men & women fencing, men's rifle, women's gymnastics, and men and women's squash
In what area are Latino's significantly underrepresented?
all sports at college level
Whats the series of actions that Lopiano proposes to rectify black women's situation in sports?
collecting and maintaining accurate data on participation percentages of black females at all levels of play to be used in an annual report card
What is the pace of growth in sport for Asians?
fastest grown minority population in the U.S., but in SPORT it is slow to develop
What are the goals of most children within the Asian group?
goals of becoming doctors, lawyers, scientists, or any other form of a professional
Why did Lapchick give a B to college sport in 2012?
hiring practices in relation to race
Centrality Theory
holds that white athletes get placed in the center of the lineup or the middle of the team
What is the importance of the North American Indigenous Games?
it brings people together who are not able to participate and they recognize them
What changes have been made about the mascots?
it will be the result to self-study to ensure use of mascots does not violate the hostile and abusive standard as judged by NCAA
What other activities do Asians do?
martial arts and yoga
How are elite female athletes not provided the same opportunities as others?
offered fewer speaking engagements, endorsements, and sponsorships
Stacking
refers to an unusual distribution of whites and blacks in certain sport positions that cannot be explained by a random distribution
Why are Native American Mascots a topic of discussion?
the use of Native American names for mascots has created serious controversy with the media
Why are there recommendations to eliminate these mascots?
to get rid of discrimination of any form