Chapter 12 Terms & Review Questions

concurrent majority

a majority of a separate region (that would otherwise be in the minority of the nation) with the power to veto or disallow legislation put forward by a hostile majority

antebellum

a term meaning "before the war" and used to describe the decades before the American Civil War began in 1861

domestic slave trade

the trading of slaves within the borders of the United States

cotton boom

the upswing in American cotton production during the nineteenth century

Which of the following was not one of the effects of the cotton boom? A. U.S. trade increased with France and Spain B. Northern manufacturing expanded C. the need for slave labor grew D. Port cities like New Orleans expanded

A. U.S. trade increased with France and Spain

The largest group of whites in the South _______. A. owned no slaves B. owned between one and nine slaves each C. owned between ten and ninety-nine slaves each D. owned over one hundred slaves each

A. owned no slaves

The abolition of the foreign slave trade in 1807 led to _______. A. a dramatic decrease in the price and demand for slaves B. the rise of a thriving domestic slave trade C. a reform movement calling for the complete end to slavery in the United States D. the decline of cotton production

B. the rise of a thriving domestic slave trade

Why did southern expansionists conduct filibuster expeditions? A. to gain political advantage B. to annex new slave states C. to prove they could raise an army D. to map unknown territories

B. to annex new slave states

The controversy at the heart of the Ostend Manifesto centered on the fate of: A. Ostend, Belgium B. Nicaragua C. Cuba D. Louisiana

C. Cuba

John C. Calhoun argued for greater rights for southerners with which idea? A. polygenism B. nullification C. concurrent majority D. paternalism

C. concurrent majority

Under the law in the antebellum South, slaves were ________. A. servants B. animals C. property D. indentures

C. property

paternalism

the premise that southern white slaveholders acted in the best interests of their slaves

cash crop

a crop grown to be sold for profit instead of consumption by the farmer's family

cotton gin

a device, patented by Eli Whitney in 1794, that separated the seeds from raw cotton quickly and easily

Ostend Manifesto

the secret diplomatic memo stating that if Spain refused to sell Cuba to the United States, the United States was justified in taking the island as a national security measure

polygenism

the idea that blacks and whites come from different origins

second middle passage

the internal forced migration of slaves to the South and West in the United States