Chapter 1,2,3

As part of a community class, student nurses are developing curriculum to teach expectant parents the importance of having their child properly secured in a child safety seat. During the class, the students are going to have a safety officer examine the car seats that the parents have installed in their vehicle. This is an example of which type of prevention?

Primary prevention

Which situation would be classified as a complication of a disease or outcome from the treatment regimen? Select all that apply.

- Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin, an antibiotic chemotherapy agent used in treatment of lymphoma. -Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new onset atrial fibrillation.

While attending an international nursing conference, many discussions and break-out sessions focused on the World Health Organization's (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.

- Interventions geared toward keeping the older adult population diagnosed with diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking classes - Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children - Interests in keeping the older adult population engaged in such activities as book reviews and word games during social time

A nurse is investigating the epidemiologic factors influencing breast cancer for women in a population. What information should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

- The geographic location of women diagnosed with breast cancer - The age of women at the time of diagnosis

As part of a screening program for prostate cancer, men at a senior citizens center are having their blood levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measured. Which statement would best characterize high positive predictive value but low negative predictive value for this screening test?

All of the men who had high PSA levels developed prostate cancer; several men who had low PSA levels also developed prostate cancer.

An epidemiologist is conducting a program of research aimed at identifying factors associated with incidence and prevalence of congenital cardiac defects in infants. The researcher has recruited a large number of mothers whose infants were born with cardiac defects as well as mothers whose infants were born with healthy hearts. The researcher is comparing the nutritional habits of all the mothers while their babies were in utero. Which type of study is the epidemiologist most likely conducting?

Case-control study

A nurse practitioner is working in a crowded neighborhood where the population is primarily immigrants from China. The nurse has designed a research study to follow children from kindergarten to the age of 25. She is going to be looking at their diet, successful progression in school, health practices, and development of disease, to name a few items. This type of research is known as:

Cohort study

The nurse is questioning the validity of oxygen saturation readings from the new oximeters on the unit. Which action should the nurse take to best determine if the results from the oximeter are valid?

Compare clients' results to measurements taken using arterial blood gas analyses.

A nurse researcher is interested in the natural history of a disease being studied. What should the nurse focus on to best understand the condition's natural history?

Focusing on clients who did not receive treatment for the condition

A multidisciplinary healthcare team operates a program aimed at the prevention, identification, and treatment of diabetes on a large Indian reservation. Which aspect of the program would most likely be classified as secondary prevention?

Staffing a booth where community residents who are attending a baseball tournament can have their blood glucose levels checked.

An occupational therapist conducts a group therapy program called MindWorks with older adults who have diagnoses of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The goal of the group is to slow the cognitive decline of clients by engaging them in regular, organized mental activity such as reading maps and solving puzzles. How would the program most likely be characterized?

Tertiary prevention

Laboratory testing is ordered for a male client during a clinic visit for routine follow-up assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the nurse knows:

a normal value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve.

A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?

The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.

A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the first time. Which aspect of the client's current state of health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?

The client notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.

The clinical educator of a hospital medical unit has the mandate of establishing evidence-based practice guidelines for the nursing care on the unit. Which statement most accurately captures a guiding principle of the nurse's task?

The guidelines will combine individual expertise with external systematic evidence.

A nurse is considering setting up a screening program for a specific health condition in a population. What characteristic of the condition would need to be true for the nurse to justify screening a population? The condition should:

be asymptomatic at an early stage.

As of Nov. 1, 2012, there were a total of 10 confirmed cases of hantavirus infection in people who were recent visitors (mid-June to end of August, 2012) to Yosemite National Park. Three visitors with confirmed cases died. Health officials believe that 9 out of the 10 cases of hantavirus were exposed while staying in Curry Village in the Signature Tent Cabins. This is an example of:

the incidence of people who are at risk for developing hantavirus while staying in Yosemite National Park.

A male international business traveler has returned from a trip to Indonesia. While there, he hired a prostitute for companionship and engaged in unprotected sex on more than one occasion. Unbeknownst to him, this prostitute harbored the hepatitis C virus. Upon return to the U.S., he exhibited no symptoms and returned to his usual activities. During this period of no outward symptoms, the disease would be classified as being in:

the preclinical stage of disease