chapter 12a. What is Personality? Psychodynamic Theories; Humanistic Theories

A principal is looking for advice on how to improve his relationships with the teachers in his school. What might Carl Rogers suggest?

Be genuine with them and show them unconditional positive regard.

Dr. Myers often asks clients to describe themselves as they are, and to describe the people they would like to be. Dr. Myers' technique BEST reflects _____ notion of _____.

Carl Rogers'; the self-concept

Dr. Dillard developed a test to identify individuals who are at risk for suicide, but the test is found to be relatively low in reliability. Which statement is NOT a valid conclusion?

Tests can be valid, even if they have low reliability.

Helena is afraid to express anger toward her overbearing and irritating supervisor. Instead, she is critical of her children. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Helena's reaction to her children illustrates _____.

displacement

Michael often acts in aggressive, impulsive ways without consideration for the long-term effects of his behavior. Freud would suggest that Michael is primarily driven by his:

id

Jerry was frequently ill as a child which led him to miss out on many of the activities that his peers experienced. Adler would predict that Jerry would develop a(n):

inferiority complex.

Henry is given a test by a psychologist and asked to tell a story about an ambiguous picture. Henry is MOST likely taking a(n) _____ test.

projective

Bruno often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bruno BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as _____.

reaction formation

Genevieve was the victim of a violent home invasion in which her entire family was viciously murdered and she was critically injured. Genevieve has nightmares and flashbacks of the trauma, which is inconsistent with Freud's view of the defense mechanism known as _____.

repression

Elena has been in therapy for two months. When she began therapy, her therapist asked her to describe herself as she would ideally like to be and as she actually is. He explained that when these two descriptions are nearly alike, the person is thought to have a positive:

self-concept.

All of Ernest's basic physiological and safety needs have been met, and he feels a solid sense of belonging and of being loved. According to Maslow, this suggests that Ernest will next seek to satisfy his need for:

self-esteem

Most of Dakota's friends look at him with respect. He is self-aware, self-accepting, and open. He is spontaneous and caring and does not worry about other people's opinions. According to Maslow, it is likely that Dakota is motivated by:

the need for self-actualization.

Dr. Haun developed a test that measures the amount of extrasensory perception (ESP) individuals exhibit. The test is found to be reliable, which means that:

this test measures something consistently, but it may not be ESP.

Hiro's friends know him as someone who values people, regardless of their failings. When people spend time with Hiro, they know he will have an attitude of total acceptance toward them. Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as _____ positive regard.

unconditional

Jaydon does not realize that his alcohol abuse and family neglect is leading to the destruction of both his family and his career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon is showing signs of a:

weak ego

Lately, 5-year-old Adam has been acting strangely. He clings to his mother and expresses jealous feelings toward his father, almost as if his father is a rival for his mother's love. Freud would suggest that Adam is experiencing the _____ complex.

Oedipus

Dr. Burns sees his own therapist in order for him to be at his emotional best for seeing patients. He is open with his feelings and self-disclosing in his own therapy. Rogers refers to this attitude as:

genuineness.