Chapter 12&13 Anatomy Exam
________ volume is the air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing and is approximately 500 mL of air. - Vital capacity - Tidal - Inspiratory capacity - Residual
Tidal
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________. - edema - fever - dehydration - acute inflammation
acute inflammation
Which one of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease? - rheumatoid arthritis - type I diabetes mellitus - Graves' disease - allergic contact dermatitis - multiple sclerosis
allergic contact dermatitis
Where does exchange occur? - trachea - nose - larynx - alveoli - pharynx
alveoli
What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of a transplanted tissue? - a graft from another primate - an autograft - a xenograft - a graft from a recently deceased individuals - an allograft
an autograft
Humoral immunity is provided by ________. - antibodies - pyrogens - skin and mucous membranes - interferon - complement fixation
antibodies
A(n) ________ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response. - antigen - interferon - pyrogen - antibody
antigen
What is the most common transport method for carbon dioxide? - bicarbonate ions - deoxyhemoglobin - carbon monoxide - oxyhemoglobin
bicarbonate ions
Lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from ________. - cerebrospinal fluid - blood - cytosol - tears - saliva
blood
Where do B cells develop immunocompetence? - spleen - thyroid gland - bone marrow - thymus gland - lymph nodes
bone marrow
The most important stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is the body's need to rid itself of the blood gas called ________. - oxygen - methane - carbon dioxide - nitrous oxide
carbon dioxide
What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat? - coarse hairs - cilia - tonsils - flagella - air turbulence
cilia
What type of cell specializes in killing virus-infected, cancer, or foreign graft cells directly? - helper T cells - cytotoxic T cells - regulatory T cells - antigen-presenting cells
cytotoxic T cells
Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________. - MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue) - edema - stroke - shock
edema
Which tissue forms the epiglottis? - elastic cartilage - fibrous cartilage - thyroid cartilage - hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
Which respiratory disease in which sufferers are often called "pink puffers," is characterized by enlarged alveoli, lung inflammation, and fibrosis of the lungs? - asthma - cystic fibrosis - cleft palate - chronic bronchitis - emphysema
emphysema
What protects the superior opening of the larynx? - glottis - trachea - epiglottis - thyroid cartilage
epiglottis
The normal respiratory rate of 12-15 breaths per minute is known as ________. - dyspnea - apnea - eupnea - hyperpnea
eupnea
Air flowing out of the lungs is known as ________. - expiration - inspiration - inhalation - respiratory gas transport
expiration
Gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and alveoli is called ________. - inhalation - external respiration - pulmonary ventilation - internal respiration
external respiration
Which system is a functional system, not an organ system in the anatomical sense, that consists of innate and adaptive defense mechanisms? - respiratory system - cardiovascular system - lymphatic system - immune system - endocrine system
immune system
T cells or B cells that are capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte's surface are considered ________. - clones - self-tolerant - immunocompetent - complement
immunocompetent
Hannah has an auto-immune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have? - myasthenia gravis - type I diabetes mellitus - systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - multiple sclerosis - Graves' disease
type I diabetes mellitus
Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive ________. - vaccines - antitoxin - antivenom - serum
vaccines
The total amount of exchangeable air is known as ________. - vital capacity (VC) - tidal volume (TV) - residual volume - inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
vital capacity (VC)
Which part of the larynx produces sounds when air passes by? - epiglottis - thyroid cartilage - vocal folds (true vocal cords) - glottis
vocal folds (true vocal cords)
What genetic disorder causes the accumulation of thick mucus in the respiratory passageways?
Cystic Fibrosis
What small proteins are secreted by virus-infected cells to help defend cells that have not yet been infected? - antigens - haptens - interferons - pyrogens
interferons
What part of the respiratory system routes air and food into their proper channels and plays a role in speech? - nasal conchae - larynx - pharynx - tongue
larynx
Which tonsils sit at the base of the tongue? - palatine - lingual - laryngeal - pharyngeal
lingual
Fluids that have escaped the cardiovascular system are picked up by the ________. - lymphatic system - respiratory system - immune system - endocrine system
lymphatic system
Within a lymph node, what cells engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in the lymph? - trabeculae - lymphocytes - macrophages - erythrocytes - follicles
macrophages
From superior to inferior, the three regions of the pharynx are the ________. - nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx - oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx - nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx - laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________. - passive immunity - natural immunity - active immunity - cellular or cell-mediated immunity
passive immunity
The serous membrane that surrounds each lung is created by a parietal and visceral ________. - pleura - mediastinum - pericardium - peritoneum
pleura
The process of moving air into and out of the lungs is commonly called breathing or ________. - cellular respiration - internal respiration - pulmonary ventilation - respiratory gas transport
pulmonary ventilation
What is the body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms? - natural killer cells - fever - phagocytes - inflammatory response - skin and mucous membranes
skin and mucous membranes
Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver? - Peyer's patches - appendix - spleen - thymus gland - tonsils
spleen
Peyer's patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ________. - lymph nodes - germinal centers - lymphatics - MALT or mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
MALT or mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
What fatty molecule is made by alveolar cells to reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse between breaths? - mucus - sebum - surfactant - nicotine
surfactant
Where are the tonsils located? - left side of the abdominal cavity - small intestine - overlying the heart - throat (pharynx) - large intestine
throat (pharynx)
Which of the following lymphoid organs functions at peak level during youth? - tonsils - Peyer's patches - lymph nodes - thymus - spleen
thymus
What part of the larynx is commonly called the Adam's apple? glottis - trachea - vocal folds (true vocal cords) - epiglottis - thyroid cartilage
thyroid cartilage
Which abundant antibody is the only one to cross the placental barrier? - IgG - IgD - IgM - IgE - IgA
IgG
How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity? - Plasma cells produce interferons. - Plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies. - Plasma cells bind to viruses and bacteria to immobilize them. - Plasma cells secrete pyrogens. - Plasma cells reproduce rapidly to crowd pathogens out of the blood.
Plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies.
