Chapter 13-15 Quiz Questions

The sensory receptor organ for taste is the A. taste bud B. gustatory hair C. taste pore D. tongue

A. taste bud

Receptors for hearing (hair cells) are located in the A. cochlea B. vestibule C. tympanic membrane D. semicircular canals

A. cochlea

__________ and __________ are the major neurotransmitters released by autonomic nervous system neurons. A. Acetylcholine; norepinephrine B. Nicotine; muscarine C. Atropine; neostigmine D. Serotonin; dopamine

A. Acetylcholine; norepinephrine (The major neurotransmitters released by ANS neurons are acetylcholine and norepinephrine.)

Which of the following structures is not a part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? A. Brain B. Sensory receptors C. Motor endings D. Ganglia

A. Brain (The PNS includes all neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord.)

CNS nerve fibers are able to regenerate. A. False B. True

A. False

For which of the following activities is the sympathetic nervous system generally responsible? A. Fight-or-flight responses B. Resting and digesting C. Sensing taste and smell D. Sensing pain and temperature

A. Fight-or-flight responses (The sympathetic division is often referred to as the "fight-or-flight" system.)

Mechanoreceptors A. Stretch B. Temperature C. Light sensitivity D. Chemicals in solution E. Pain

A. Stretch (Mechanoreceptors respond to forces such as touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch.)

Most nerves are able to carry impulses both toward and away from the CNS. A. True B. False

A. True

Norepinephrine and epinephrine can have either excitatory or inhibitory effects on target organs. A. True B. False

A. True

The sympathetic division is anatomically more complex than the parasympathetic division. A. True B. False

A. True

The ___________ may subconsciously modify the workings of the autonomic nervous system. A. cerebral cortex B. brain stem C. spinal cord D. hypothalamus

A. cerebral cortex (Although the cerebral cortex may modify the workings of the ANS, it does so at the subconscious level and by acting through the limbic system and on hypothalamic centers.)

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except ___________. A. dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera B. increase of heart rate and force C. dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles D. constriction of most blood vessels

A. dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the _______. A. hypothalamus B. medulla C. thalamus D. cerebellum

A. hypothalamus

The receptor for static equilibrium is the A. macula B. vestibule C. cochlear duct D. semicircular canals

A. macula

Active after you have eaten a meal A. parasympathetic B. sympathetic

A. parasympathetic

Decreases heart rate A. parasympathetic B. sympathetic

A. parasympathetic

In a reflex arc, the ___ transmits afferent impulses to the CNS. A. sensory neuron B. effector C. integration center D. receptor

A. sensory neuron (The five essential components of a reflex arc are the receptor, the sensory neuron, the integration center, the motor neuron, and the effector. The receptor is the site of stimulation. The sensory neuron transmits afferent impulses to the CNS. Once the afferent signal arrives to the CNS it will be integrated in the integration center and then transmitted by a motor neuron to the effector.)

The abducens nerve ___________. A. supplies innervation to the lateral rectus B. relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue C. if paralyzed, exhibits Bell's palsy D. exits from the medulla

A. supplies innervation to the lateral rectus

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________. A. sympathetic nervous system B. somatic nervous system C. cerebrum D. parasympathetic nervous system

A. sympathetic nervous system

Serves the senses of hearing and equilibrium. A. vestibulocochlear B. vagus C. abducens

A. vestibulocochlear

Which of the following is (1) released by all somatic motor neurons at their synapses, and (2) always excites muscle contraction? A. Endorphin B. Acetylcholine C. Adrenaline D. Norepinephrine

B. Acetylcholine (All somatic motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh) at their synapses with skeletal muscle fibers. The effect is always excitatory, and if stimulation reaches threshold, the muscle fibers contract.)

If the phrenic nerve were severed, what would be the most immediate effect? A. The ability to swallow would be blocked. B. Breathing would stop. C. The sense of smell would be blocked. D. The upper limbs would be paralyzed.

B. Breathing would stop. (The phrenic nerve serves the diaphragm. If this nerve is irritated, then hiccups result. If this nerve is crushed or damaged, the diaphragm becomes paralyzed and independent breathing ceases.)

Thermoreceptors A. Stretch B. Temperature C. Light sensitivity D. Chemicals in solution E. Pain

B. Temperature (Thermoreceptors respond to temperature changes.)

All spinal nerves are mixed nerves. A. False B. True

B. True

Although sympathetic nerve impulses act only briefly, they provoke hormonal effects that last much longer. A. False B. True

B. True

The parasympathetic nervous system is often referred to as the "resting and digesting" system. A. False B. True

B. True

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ___________. A. mechanoreceptors B. exteroceptors C. interoceptors D. proprioceptors

B. exteroceptors

The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the _________. A. sympathetic division B. parasympathetic division C. peripheral nervous system D. somatic division

B. parasympathetic division

Increases blood pressure A. parasympathetic B. sympathetic

B. sympathetic

Stimulates ciliary muscles of the eye A. parasympathetic B. sympathetic

B. sympathetic

Proprioceptors are receptors that are classified by A. the type of stimulus they detect. B. their location. C. their structural complexity. D. the number of dendritic endings present.

B. their location. (Sensory receptors are named based on the type of stimulus they recognize, their location, and their structural complexity. Proprioceptors are classified by their location.)

Which of the following numbers of pairs of spinal nerves is correct? A. eight sacral B. twelve thoracic C. six lumbar D. six cervical

B. twelve thoracic

Helps to regulate blood pressure and digestion A. vestibulocochlear B. vagus C. abducens

B. vagus

A nerve that carries autonomic signals away from the CNS is classified as: A.somatic efferent. B. visceral efferent. C. somatic afferent. D. visceral afferent.

B. visceral efferent. (Visceral refers to autonomic nervous system fibers. Afferent means toward the CNS (sensory), while efferent means away from the CNS (motor). Thus, a nerve that carries autonomic signals away from the CNS would be classified as a visceral efferent nerve.)

What is the main function of the rods in the eye? A. accommodation for near vision B. vision in dim light C. depth perception D. color vision

B. vision in dim light

Photoreceptors A. Stretch B. Temperature C. Light sensitivity D. Chemicals in solution E. Pain

C. Light sensitivity (Photoreceptors are sensitive to light energy changes.)

Which of the following is false regarding the sciatic nerve? A. The sciatic nerve is the largest branch of the sacral plexus. B. The sciatic nerve supplies the entire lower limb, except the anteromedial thigh. C. The sciatic nerve is a single nerve. D. The sciatic nerve is the thickest and longest nerve of the body.

C. The sciatic nerve is a single nerve. (The sciatic nerve is the largest branch of the sacral plexus. It is also the thickest and longest nerve of the body. The sciatic nerve innervates the entire lower limb, except for the anteromedial thigh. The sciatic nerve is actually two nerves (the tibial and common fibular nerves) wrapped in a common sheath.)

turns eyeball laterally A. vestibulocochlear B. vagus C. abducens

C. abducens

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ___________. A. efferent nerves B. motor nerves C. afferent nerves D. mixed nerves

C. afferent nerves

Light passes through the following structures in which order? A. vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea B. aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor C. cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor D. cornea, vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor

C. cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

Which receptors adapt most slowly? A. pressure receptors B. smell receptors C. nociceptors D. touch receptors

C. nociceptors

The organ of olfaction is the A. olfactory cilia B. basal cells C. olfactory epithelium D. olfactory nerve

C. olfactory epithelium

Which of the following best exemplifies the term "referred pain"? A. An individual experiences pain in a limb that is no longer attached to his body. B. An individual loses consciousness due to high levels of pain. C. An individual only experiences pain after seeing the severity of his wound. D. An individual experiencing a heart attack feels pain along his left arm.

D. An individual experiencing a heart attack feels pain along his left arm. (The fact that visceral pain afferents travel along the same pathways as somatic pain fibers helps explain the phenomenon of referred pain, in which pain stimuli arising in the viscera are perceived as somatic in origin. For example, a heart attack may produce a sensation of pain that radiates to the superior thoracic wall and along the medial aspect of the left arm.)

Chemoreceptors A. Stretch B. Temperature C. Light sensitivity D. Chemicals in solution E. Pain

D. Chemicals in solution (Chemoreceptors respond to chemical stimuli.)

Choose the false statement about cranial nerves. A. Most cranial nerves serve structures in the head and neck. B. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves. C. Cranial nerves are named for the structures they serve or for their functions. D. The cranial nerves are associated with the spinal cord.

D. The cranial nerves are associated with the spinal cord. (The cranial nerves are associated with the brain, not the spinal cord. All of the other statements are true.)

What is the function of the somatic nervous system? A. To stimulate glandular functions. B. To stimulate involuntary muscles. C. To signal pain and heat. D. To stimulate skeletal muscles.

D. To stimulate skeletal muscles. (The somatic nervous system stimulates skeletal muscles.)

Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic stimulation? A. increase peristalsis of the digestive viscera B. salivation C. elimination of urine D. dilation of the pupils

D. dilation of the pupils

The Patellar "knee jerk" reflex is an example of a(n) ________. A. stress reflex B. cross extensor reflex C. extensor thrust reflex D. stretch reflex

D. stretch reflex

The "chemical senses" are A. smell and sight B. sight and hearing C. touch and taste D. taste and smell

D. taste and smell

Sound waves pass through the following structures in which order? A. oval window, incus, malleus, stapes, tympanic membrane, cochlea B. oval window, malleus, incus, stapes, tympanic membrane, cochlea C. cochlea, malleus, incus, stapes, tympanic membrane, oval window D. tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea

D. tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea

Nociceptors A. Stretch B. Temperature C. Light sensitivity D. Chemicals in solution E. Pain

E. Pain (Nociceptors respond to stimuli that result in pain.)