Chapter 13

increase

A typical sympathetic nervous system responses tends to ____________heart rate and stroke volume

brachiocephalic vein

After merging with external and internal jugular veins, the subclavian vein becomes the

Cardiovacular pressure decreases

As blood travels from the aorta toward the capillaries

Veins

Blood vessels that have valves and act as blood reservoirs

Capillaries

Blood vessels with the thinnest walls that allow for diffusion and filtration of nutrients and waste

increased temperature and increased co2

Conditions that tend to vasodilate precapillary sphincters, in order to increase flow to a region

ADH and aldosterone

During the long-term response to hemorrhage, which hormone(s) prominently promotes fluid retention and reabsorption at the kidneys?

blood flows at lower pressures

If blood has low viscosity, which result would be likely under normal conditions?

Baroreceptors; decrease

If blood pressure increases abnormally, _____________ in blood vessels should signal the cardiac center of the brain to tell the heart to __________ cardiac output.

the precapillary sphincters relax

In a process called autoregulation, ________ in response to a decline in dissolved oxygen levels within a tissue

Is more elastic

In general, for a vessel of a given size, a typical artery ________ compared to a typical vein.

decrease

Increased vascular resistance should _____________ blood flow

tunica media

Layer of the vascular wall that contains smooth muscle which controls vasocontriction and vasodilation

100 mmHg

My systolic pressure is 200 mm Hg. My diastolic pressure is 100 mm Hg. What is my pulse pressure?

common iliac arteries

Near the level of the vertebra L4, the abdominal aorta branches to form the

tunica externa

Outermost (superficial) layer of the vascular wall that helps protect and anchor the vessel to its surroundings

Vasoconstriction

Term that describes blood vessel lumen getting smaller

Electrical activity

The ECG measures the hearts

Muscular

The external carotid artery would be classified as an example of a (n) ________ artery

sphygmomanometer

The instrument used to measure blood pressure is the

cardioinhibitory

When blood pressure rises, increased output from the baroreceptors stimulates which center?

viscosity

friction within blood itself

Veins

in the normal sequence of blood flow, after leaving the venules, blood should enter the

capillary hydrostatic pressure

the force that pushes fluid out of the capillaries is called

arterioles

the major resistance vessels of the body that are found immediately before the capillaries

filtration

transport process that uses hydrostatic pressure to force water and small dissolved substances through a capillary wall, but leaves behind larger substance:

Erythropoietin

which hormone is released by the kidneys when blood pressure falls or the oxygen content of the blood becomes abnormally low

relaxation of precapillary sphincters

which of the following changes will result in increased blood flow at an injury site during inflammation

Vascular resistance

which of the following is the only factor that can be adjusted by the nervous or endocrine system to regulate blood flow