Chapter 13

Some insects have a life history that is divided into two or three unique stages known as ____________, during which their bodies undergo distinct changes.

Metamorphosis

What is the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae?

Mutually symbiotic; zooxanthellae provide the coral with nutrition, while the coral provide zooxanthellae with carbon dioxide.

Which of the following is not a crustacean?

Portuguese man O' war

Which of the following is true of all animals?

They are capable of movement at some stage of their life cycle.

The development of jaws allowed fishes to:

capture and kill prey.

All species of humans other than Homo sapiens became extinct:

between 30,000 and 12,000 years ago.

Nearly one-third of amphibian populations are facing extinction. Which of the following does not attribute to the universal decline in amphibian populations?

competition from mammals

Which of the following characteristics defines a chordate?

bilateral symmetry, defined tissues, and gut develops from back to front

Birds are a branch of the reptile lineage but, unlike other reptiles, birds are able to do which of the following?

generate body heat

An air environment, gravity, and desiccation are three challenges that were addressed in the evolution of reptiles. What three evolutionary innovations addressed these challenges?

lungs, better limb support, and the amniotic egg

Which of the following characteristics is common to all mammals?

mammary glands

Sponges are sessile organisms as adults. They are classified as animals because:

they exhibit movement as juveniles.

Terrestrial vertebrates are descendants of lobe-finned fishes that lived during the Devonian period, approximately:

400 million years ago

Octopuses belong to which of the following groups?

Cephalopods

Which of the following is not a characteristic of tunicates?

Vertebrae

Marsupials are thought to be most closely related to:

placental mammals

Marsupials are thought to be most closely related to:

placental mammals.

Crabs, lobsters, and barnacles all belong to which group?

crustaceans

The most primitive group of animals that had lungs were the:

Amphibians

All species are either ____________ or ______________.

extant; extinct

Which of the following is an animal with rigid bones, jaws, and a swim bladder?

Salmon

As mammals evolved, there was a gradual transition from bodies with short legs to bodies with longer legs, held vertically beneath the trunk of the animal. Which of the following was a result of this anatomical change in early mammals?

The animals could run faster after prey

As mammals evolved, there was a gradual transition from bodies with short legs to bodies with longer legs, held vertically beneath the trunk of the animal. Which of the following was a result of this anatomical change in early mammals?

The animals could run faster after prey.

Which of the following is not true about Neandertals?

They lived primarily in Africa.

Feathers are to birds as __________ is/are to _______________.

fur, mammals

A new animal is discovered with a prominent muscular foot that attaches to underwater rocks. The animal also has a one-piece shell. To which of the following animal groups does this new animal belong?

gastropods

Sponges are:

hermaphrodites. asexual. sessile. members of phylum Porifera.

Terrestrial vertebrates are classified either as amniotes or non-amniotes. Which of the following animals is a non-amniote?

amphibians

Which of the following traits is unique to arthropods?

an exoskeleton

Which of the following is not an important feature in distinguishing animals from each other?

method of locomotion ( movement)

Trichinella worms sometimes cause the disease known as trichinosis in humans when undercooked pork is eaten. These organisms have long cylindrical bodies but no segmentation. This species is most similar to which of the following animals?

nematodes

In complex chordates, such as vertebrates, the ____________ is eventually replaced by a vertebral column.

notochord

Which characteristic is unique to lobe-finned fish?

pelvic and pectoral fins

What is the advantage of an amniotic egg?

prevents drying out

Each group of animals below is paired with a type of body symmetry. Which of these pairings is inaccurate?

roundworm; radial symmetry

Which groups grow by molting?

roundworms and arthropods

Which of the following is an example of an echinoderm?

sand dollar

Which of these animals is not an arachnid?

shrimp

Which animal is an ectotherm?

snake

Which of the following species living today is the most evolutionarily successful?

the house mouse (Mus domesticus) the housefly (Musca domestica) the Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) the irukandji, the most toxic box jellyfish (Carukia barnesi)

The most ancient branching point in the phylogeny of animals is the one that distinguishes between having:

true tissues or no tissues.

Three major distinguishing features of the primates are that they have binocular vision, arms that can rotate in their sockets, and:

Fingers that can grasp objects

Which of the following is true of reptiles but not amphibians?

Reptiles have amniotic eggs, whereas amphibians do not.

Which of the following organisms does not contain chitin?

Snails

Which animal is an ectotherm?

Snake

All groups of animals have nervous systems except:

Sponges

Which is the only animal phylum to not possess true tissues?

Sponges

Which of the following is not an arthropod?

Squid

Which of the following organisms is not a chordate?

Starfish

The lineage that first separated from the common ancestor of all animals, and retains many of the same primitive features to this day, includes which of the following modern organisms?

The sponge

Birds have scaly feet and lay amniotic eggs. This supports the idea that:

birds evolved from reptiles

All cnidarians have tentacles that are armed with rows of stinging:

cnidocytes

Which of the following types of arthropods are not primarily land-dwelling?

crustaceans

Which organisms are considered deuterostomes?

echinoderms

Which of the following anatomical characteristics of humans can be traced back to our arboreal origins?

forward - directed eyes

In which of the following animals does the mouth develop before the anus during gut development?

fruit flies

Which one of the common names is matched correctly with its phyla?

roundworms: Nematoda

Which of the following is not one of the major evolutionary adaptations that occurred as animals moved from water to land?

swim bladder

Which of the following types of worms include species that are internal parasites?

tapeworms