Chapter 13 & 14 light, Mirrors, and lenses

Mirror Equation

1/p + 1/q = 1/f

Angles of incidence, reflection, refaction

Can be defined with respect to the line, and refraction is the bending of light as it travels from one medium to another.

Concave Mirror vs Convex Mirror

Concave is a mirror whose reflecting surface is a segment of the inside of a sphere, and convex mirror is a mirror whose reflecting surface is an outward curved segment of a sphere

Converging vs diverging lenses

Diverging lens - a lens that causes a beam of parallel rays to diverge after refraction, as from a virtual image; a lens that has a negative focal length. Converging Lens - a lens that converts parallel rays of light to convergent rays and produces a real image.

Mirrors vs Lenses

Lens is a transparent device with 2 curved surfaces, and mirrors have curved surfaces designed to reflect rays

Magnification Eqation

M = h'/h = -q/p

Total Internal Reflection

Occurs when light moves along a math from a medium with a higher index of refraction to one with a lower index of reaction

Prisms vs Mirages

Prisms- A geometric solid whose bases are congruent polygons lying in parallel planes and whose sides are parallelograms. A solid of this type, often made of glass with triangular ends, used to disperse light and break it up into a spectrum. Mirage- an optical illusion caused by atmospheric conditions ex: because the heat will causes the image to be closed because of the wave being bent

Real vs Virtual Image

Real Image- an image that is formed by the intersection of light rays; a real image can be projected on a screen Virtual Image- an image from which light rays appear to diverge, even tough they appear not actually focused there; a virtual mage cannot be projected on a screen

Reflection vs Refraction

Refraction- the bending of a wave front as the wave front passes between two substances in which the speed of the wave differs Reflection- the change in direction of an electromagnetic wave at a surface that causes it to move away from the substance

Thin - Lens Equation

The distances from the focal length points to the object and image are used rather than the distances from the lens. Newton used the "extrafocal distances" xo and xi in his formulation

Focal Point

The point at which rays or waves meet after reflection or refraction, or the point from which diverging rays or waves appear to proceed

Snell's Law

ni sin 0i = nr sin 0r

Critical Angle

sin 0c = nr/ni for ni greater than nr

Wave speed of light

speed of light = frequency * wavelength

Index of refraction

the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a given transparent medium