Chapter 13 brain and cranial nerves
The ventricle in the brainstem anterior to the cerebellum is the ____ventricle.
4th
The cranial nerve that carries smell information is Blank______.
1
Indicate the correct order of meninges from superficial at the top to deep at the bottom.
1. dura mater 2. arachnoid mater 3, pia mater
Match the brain features with their appropriate descriptions.
Central sulcus =Separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe Precentral gyrus =Location of the primary motor cortex of the cerebrum Postcentral gyrus = Location of the primary somatosensory cortex of the cerebrum
Match the structures of the cerebellum with the correct description.
Cerebellar peduncles matches Connect the cerebellum and the brainstem Folia matches Ridges on the cortex of the cerebellum Arbor Vitae matches White matter resembling a branching tree
In which of the following brain areas would a tumor have the most detrimental effect on the ability to execute complex movements?
Cerebellum
What part of the brain consists of two hemispheres connected by a vermis?
Cerebellum
Identify the four basic divisions of the brain.
Cerebellum Cerebrum Brainstem Diencephalon
What are the ridges or convolutions seen on the surface of the cerebrum?
Gyri
Emotions can influence the concentrations of specific hormones in the body. Which brain region is most directly responsible for the connection between the nervous system (emotions) and endocrine system (hormones)?
Hypothalamus
What structure of the brain regulates the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
Visual information is carried in cranial nerve Blank______.
II
The part of the brain that is important in maintaining posture and equilibrium and is attached to the brainstem posterior to the pons is the ?
cerebellum
The fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord and provides a protective cushion around the CNS is____ fluid.
cerebrospinal
Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by a structure called the
choroid plexus
In the ventricles, CSF is produced at _________blank, which are composed of specialized ependymal cells surrounded by supportive connective tissue.
choroid plexuses
The deepest of the cerebral lobes, the _____receives taste sensory input.
insula
The component of the brainstem that contains reflex centers for heart rate, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting is the _________ _________
medulla oblongata
The most inferior part of the brainstem is the Blank______.
medulla oblongata
Cranial nerves III, IV and V are functionally associated with the Blank______.
mid brain
The pyramids of the medulla oblongata are formed by large Blank______ tracts.
motor
The basic embryonic structure that gives rise to the structures of the central nervous system is the _____tube.
neural
Housing the visual centers, the ______ lobes Correctreceive inputs from the optic radiation.
occipital
The cranial nerve that controls many of the muscles that move the eyeball, constricts the pupils and promotes lens accommodation is the Blank______ nerve.
oculomotor
The cranial nerve that transmits information regarding the sense of smell is the ___nerve.
olfactory
The _____receives sensory information other than that from smell, hearing, taste, and vision
parietal lobes
The superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar _______connect the cerebellum to the brainstem, allowing communication between the cerebellum and other parts of the CNS.
peduncles
Neural crest cells give rise to the Blank______ cells of the body.
pigmented
Regulation of rapid eye movement during sleep, and respiration are some of the functions of the Blank______.
pons
The _________blank is part of the brainstem and contains cranial nerves V and VI, as well as a respiratory center. Multiple Choice
pons
The medulla oblongata contains Blank______
sensory and motor tracts
Which is not a function of the limbic system?
speech
The grooves between the raised areas on the surface of the cerebrum are called?
sulci
The lobe of the cerebrum that evaluate hearing is the Blank______ lobe. Multiple choice question. temporal
temporal
Olfaction and hearing are processed in the
temproral lobes
Match the part of the diencephalon with its description. Thalamus Largest part of the diencephalon; the sensory relay center of the brain CorrectSubthalamus Immediately inferior to the thalamus; involved in controlling motor functions CorrectEpithalamus Superior and posterior to the thalamus; contains the pineal gland CorrectHypothalamus Most inferior portion of the diencephalon; contains mammillary bodies; controls endocrine system
Match the part of the diencephalon with its description. Thalamus Largest part of the diencephalon; the sensory relay center of the brain CorrectSubthalamus Immediately inferior to the thalamus; involved in controlling motor functions CorrectEpithalamus Superior and posterior to the thalamus; contains the pineal gland CorrectHypothalamus Most inferior portion of the diencephalon; contains mammillary bodies; controls endocrine system
What structure has functions that include controlling visual and auditory reflex movements of the head, eyes and body, and maintaining muscle tone?
Midbrain
Which is not a component of the diencephalon? Multiple choice question. Midbrain Thalamus Epithalamus
Midbrain
Which of the following is not a common feature of the cerebrum and cerebellum?
Presence of one or more ventricles
A blood vessel ruptures and bleeds between the meningeal dura mater and arachnoid mater. Which of the following describes the location of this bleed?
Subdural space
Identify the ventricle of the brain that is located within the diencephalon between the two halves of the thalamus.
Third ventricle
If a blockage forms in the cerebral aqueduct, where will CSF back up first?
Third ventricle
Cranial nerve number VI is a somatic motor nerve called the ___nerve.
abducens
The cranial nerve that innervates skeletal muscles of the neck and back is the Blank______ nerve.
accessory
The cranial nerve that is a primarily motor nerve with two branches: the spinal branch and the cranial branch is the Blank______ nerve.
accessory
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the choroid plexus in ____
all venticles
Fibers connecting areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere are _________blank fibers.
association
In the cerebellum, gray matter is found Blank______ and white matter is found Blank______ the cerebellar hemispheres.
at the surface, deep within
he gray matter on the outer surface of the cerebrum is called the cerebral _____
cortex
The third ventricle is located Blank______.
within the diencephalon between the two halves of the thalamus
The ventricle that is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord and has openings leading to the subarachnoid space is the ___ ventricle.
4th or fourth
Identify structures that arise from neural crest cells. Multiple select question. Adrenal medulla Autonomic neurons of PNS Sensory neurons of PNS Enteric neurons of PNS Cerebellum Appendicular bones Facial bones
Adrenal medulla Autonomic neurons of PNS Sensory neurons of PNS Enteric neurons of PNS Facial bones
What are the functions of the midbrain? Select all that apply.
Aids in unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activities Reflex movements of the head, eyes and body towards visual, auditory or tactile stimuli. Involved in maintaining muscle tone and coordinating movements
Identify the three layers of meninges.
Arachnoid mater Pia mater Dura mater
Match the fiber track with its correct description. Instructions
Association fibers =Connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere . Commissural fibers =Connect the two cerebral hemispheres. Projection fibers =Connect parts of the cerebrum to other parts of the brain and spinal cord.
The sulcus that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe is the ______sulcus. The ____gyrus is the location of the primary motor cortex and the ____ gyrus is the location of the somatosensory cortex.
Blank 1: central Blank 2: precentral Blank 3: postcentral
The vestibular branch of cranial nerve VIII carries sensory impulses for the sense of ____and the cochlear branch carries sensory impulses for the sense of ___ .
Blank 1: equilibrium or balance Blank 2: hearing or sound
The lobe of the cerebrum responsible for motor functions is the____ lobe while visual sensations are processed in the_____ lobe.
Blank 1: frontal Blank 2: occipital
What structure regulates the passage of materials from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain?
Blood brain barrier
______ is found in the subarachnoid space, the ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord.
Cerebrospinal fluid
Identify the structure that secretes cerebrospinal fluid.
Choroid plexus
Identify the functions of the oculomotor nerve.
Controls many of the muscles that move the eyeball Regulates accommodation of the eyes
Identify the motor function that the trochlear (IV) nerve controls.
Controls the movement of the eyeball
What is the largest commissure of the brain that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
What structure allows the lateral ventricles to communicate with the third ventricle?
Interventricular foramina
What are the functions of the midbrain?
Involved in maintaining muscle tone and coordinating movements Reflex movements of the head, eyes and body towards visual, auditory or tactile stimuli. Aids in unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activities
What are the components of the brainstem?
Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
Identify the cells that give rise to sensory, autonomic and enteric neurons as well as facial bones, the adrenal medulla and pigmented cells.
Neural crest cells
What embryonic structure gives rise to the structures of the central nervous system?
Neural tube
Correctly pair the cranial nerve with the correct function
Olfactory nerve= Transmits sense of smell Optic nerve=Transmits sense of vision Vestibulocochlear nerve =Transmits sense of hearing and balance Abducens nerve= Controls one muscle that moves the eyeball Oculomotor nerve= Controls movement of the eyeball, promotes pupil constriction and lens accommodation Vagus nerve= Transmits parasympathetic information to the visceral organs of the thoracic and abdominal organs
Indicate the three large branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Ophthalmic division Maxillary division Mandibular division
Which type of fibers connect the cerebrum to the spinal cord?
Projection
Identify the function of the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves.
Promotes movement of the muscles of the eyeball
What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
Protects the brain against the shock of rapid head movements Provides nutrients to CNS tissues
What are the prominent enlargements on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata called where the primary motor tracts descend from the cortex?
Pyramids
What is the function of the blood brain barrier?
Regulate passage of materials from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain
Correctly choose the functions of the hypothalamus.
Regulates body temperature Regulates the pituitary gland Controls muscles responsible for swallowing Controls feelings of fear and rage
The glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve carries impulses to/from the following regions.
Salivary glands Pharynx Carotid arteries Tonsils
What is the thin membrane separating the lateral ventricles?
Septum pellucidum
The trochlear nerve innervates which eye muscle?
Superior oblique
Select all that apply Identify functions of the facial nerve. Multiple select question. Transmits taste sensation Controls the lacrimal gland Transmits information regarding the sense of smell Controls muscles of facial expression Controls salivary glands Transmits cutaneous skin sensation from the majority of the facial region
Transmits taste sensation Controls the lacrimal gland Controls muscles of facial expression Controls salivary glands
Identify the function of the optic nerve.
Transmits visual information
Which nerve branches into the ophthalmic division, maxillary division and mandibular division?
Trigeminal
Pair the correct function with the cranial nerve.
Trigeminal nerve.= Transmits cutaneous sensory information from facial region, tongue and eye as well as controls muscles of mastication Facial nerve=Controls muscles that promote facial expression, controls secretions of salivary glands and transmits sensory information from the tongue Glossopharyngeal nerve = Transmits taste sensation and controls muscles involved in swallowing and secretions of salivary glands Hypoglossal nerve= Controls muscles of the tongue and throat
Identify the cranial nerve that innervates the superior oblique muscle for eye movement.
Trochlear (IV)
identify the cranial nerve that is a mixed nerve that carries somatic motor impulses to muscles associated with speech and swallowing, and autonomic fibers transmit impulses to viscera of the thorax and abdomen?
Vagus (X)
Which cranial nerve carries information for hearing and balance?
Vestibulocochlear
Where does the vagus (X) nerve carries impulses to/from? Select all that apply. Olfactory cells Viscera of the thorax Viscera of the abdomen Muscles associated with swallowing Muscles associated with speech Muscles associated with the eyes
Viscera of the thorax Viscera of the abdomen Muscles associated with swallowing Muscles associated with speech
The vagus nerve is cranial nerve Blank______.
X
The internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries supply blood to the____
brain
The area of the brain called the diencephalon is between the Blank______ and the cerebrum.
brainstem
The cranial nerve that controls muscles of facial expression, secretion of salivary glands, secretion of lacrimal glands and transmits taste sensation is the ___ nerve.
facial
True or False: The 4 basic divisions of the brain are the brainstem, cerebrum, cerebellum, and the medulla oblongata.
false
True or false: The pons is largely responsible for the control of skeletal muscle activity.
false
Th________provides critical function in motivation, logical reasoning, expression of emotion, and social attitudes.
frontal lobe
The central sulcus divides the Blank______ lobe from the Blank______ lobe.
frontal; parietal
The cranial nerve that supplies parasympathetic innervation to the parotid salivary gland is the
glossopharyngeal
The cranial nerve that supplies parasympathetic innervation to the parotid salivary gland is the Blank______.
glossopharyngeal
The part of the diencephalon that is directly involved in regulating thirst, hunger and sex drive behaviors is the_____
hypothalamus
The structure of the diencephalon that regulates the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland is the
hypothalamus
The corpus callosum is the Blank______ bundle of commissural fibers in the brain.
largest
The interventricular foramina connects the third and ___ ventricles.
lateral
The ventricles that are located within the cerebral hemispheres are the ____ventricles.
lateral
The ____________separates the temporal lobe from the cerebrum.
lateral fissure
The fissure that is the indentation that separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum is the ______ fissure.
longitudinal
Nuclei for cranial nerves V, VI, VII and VIII are all associated with the Blank______.
pons
he area of brainstem, just superior to the medulla oblongata, that forms a prominent bulge on the anterior aspect of the brainstem is the
pons
The vertebral arteries ascend along the Blank______ neck.
posterior
The blood-brain barrier functions to
regulate the movement of materials from the blood to the brain.
