Chapter 13 nutrition

Small, local farms that are efficient in production are recommended in developing countries rather than incorporating industrial technology. a. True b. Fals

True

Some people fear that naturally occurring cross-pollination between genetically engineered plants with nearby weeds may spread traits from plants to weeds, producing superweeds. a. True b. Fals

True

Which food additive might be added by a manufacturer to maintain palatability and wholesomeness of a product? a. BHT or BHA

A

Which micronutrient deficiencies are of particular concern worldwide? a. Iodine, iron, and vitamin A

A

Which of the following is the primary cause for hunger in the United States and in less developed countries? a. Poverty

A

What is the name of the largest U.S. national food recovery program? a. Feeding America

A

What is the primary source of mercury contamination in the diet? a. Seafood

A

What can Marty do to prevent getting a foodborne illness from a hamburger in the future? a. Order burgers well done at a restaurant.

A

What is the most serious risk that is posed by irradiation? a. Exposure of workers at irradiation facilities to radioactive materials

A

While food shopping, Sue sees a label on a package of graham crackers that reads "product made with organic ingredients." What does this mean? a. It means the graham crackers contain between 70 and 95 percent organic contents.

A

Within 2 hours of eating, Erik developed the following symptoms: sudden onset of severe nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and fever. Which microbial pathogen is likely to have caused Erik's symptoms? a. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria

A

A patient with a high temperature complains of headache, stomachache, fever, and vomiting. Upon questioning, he admits to eating several raw eggs the day before. The most likely organism causing these symptoms is a. E. coli. b. Salmonella.

B

Approximately how many people in the United States are killed by foodborne illness each year? a. 1,000 b. 3,000

B

Fortunately, Marty recovered in a few days with no lasting effects; however, many people are not so lucky. Which situation would have put Marty at high risk for serious consequences from his foodborne illness? a. Having recovered from a sinus cold within the past month b. Having a kidney transplant within the past 5 years

B

Judy is looking for a new bread in the supermarket and found one labeled "organic." What does this mean? a. It contains 100 percent organic ingredients. b. It contains at least 95 percent organic ingredients.

B

Lead in food can come from ____. a. discarded electrical equipment b. lead crystal ware

B

Substances not in use before 1958 are classified as food additives and subject to regulation under the ____. a. GRAS list b. Food Additives Amendment

B

Substances widely used for many years without apparent ill effects are on the ____ list. a. FDA b. GRAS

B

The EPA sets forth a reference dose for a pesticide. This represents the amount of____. a. the chemical permitted to be sprayed on a crop per growing season b. a chemical that could be consumed daily without posing any health risk

B

What foodborne illness does Marty likely have, considering what he ate for dinner? a. Vibrio infection b. Escherichia coli c. Shigellosis

B

What is the recommended minimum amount of time for washing hands with warm water and soap before preparing or eating food? a. 10 to 15 seconds b. 20 seconds

B

Which of the following foods is best known to transmit hepatitis? a. Poultry b. Seafood

B

Why are pesticides used? a. To act as preservatives in our food supply b. To kill insects, rodents, or other living things

B

______ refers to the highest amount of a pesticide that is allowed in a food when the pesticide is used according to label directions. a. Toxicity level b. Tolerance

B

______ refers to the process of altering foods through the use of living organisms. a. Irradiation b. Biotechnology

B

_______ is now recognized as the major cause of food insecurity. a. Overpopulation b. Poverty

B

A genetically engineered vegetable must be labeled as such when ____. a. its genes have been modified to make it herbicide resistant b. it is a transgenic organism c. its nutrient composition differs significantly from that of the natural vegetable

C

Foodborne illness from _______ is most commonly transmitted by improperly canned foods. a. Listeriosis b. Salmonellosis c. Botulism

C

One characteristic of the ideal pesticide is that it would ____. a. be of animal origin b. be of vegetable origin c. quickly break down to harmless products

C

Sue is concerned about pesticide contamination of the produce she purchases. What would you say to Sue? a. The American Academy of Pediatrics says that the health risks posed by pesticide residues are significant. b. The American Cancer Society says that consumers should only buy foods labeled "organic" to adequately protect their health. c. The risk of not eating fruits and vegetables for fear of consuming pesticide residues far outweighs the slight risk associated with these substances.

C

Sue's brother, Manuel, tells her that she should also be concerned about foodborne illness from botulism, and that she should not feed Tara what food to avoid this? a. Ground meat b. Pasteurized eggs c. Honey

C

The hamburger was most likely the culprit in Marty's illness. What may have occurred to lead to his condition? a. The cows may have been given feed containing mammalian protein tissues. b. The meat was stored in a refrigerator at 38 degrees Fahrenheit for more than one day. c. The meat was only cooked to 150 degrees Fahrenheit.

C

What practice is a common food safety mistake? a. Keeping cold foods below 40 degrees Fahrenheit b. Marinating in the refrigerator c. Thawing at room temperature

C

Which food is most susceptible to bacterial contamination? a. Roast b. Steak c. Ground meat

C

Which statement concerning herbal remedies is accurate? a. Herbal products are safe because they come from plants. b. Composition of herbal products are closely regulated by the FDA. c. Herbal components become more concentrated when they are made into supplements.

C

Women who are pregnant should pay special attention to avoid soft unpasteurized cheese and milk products to avoid foodborne illness from _____. a. Perfringens food poisoning b. Shigellosis c. Listeriosis

C

World hunger is primarily a problem of ____. a. overpopulation b. inadequate food production c. unequal access to resources

C

_____ is an additive used by manufacturers to maintain consistency. a. MSG b. Vitamin A c. Guar gum

C

Cryptosoridiosis outbreaks have been linked to unpasteurized milk and ____. a. undercooked pork b. undercooked hamburger c. potato salad d. Fresh unpasteurized apple cider

D

Manuel tells Sue that she is going overboard by insisting that everything Tara eats is labeled "organic." A disadvantage of buying certified organic foods that he mentions is that ____. a. more synthetic fertilizer residues will end up in waterways b. farmers may follow less humane animal welfare standards c. organic farming methods require greater water and energy consumption d. the food may be fertilized with improperly composted animal manure containing harmful organisms

D

Manuel tells Sue there are some benefits to the use of pesticides for farmers and consumers. What characteristic is unlikely to be a benefit of pesticides? a. Pesticides can boost crop yields. b. Pesticide use contributes to the relatively low cost of fruits and vegetables. c. Pesticide use allows for a wide variety of crops to be grown. d. Some pesticides like DDT remain active for years and can build up in the body.

D

Melissa is getting ready for a party where she plans to serve grilled chicken and a raw vegetable salad. She washes her hands, takes the sealed package of chicken from the refrigerator, opens it, and places the chicken on a cutting board to remove the skin and cut it up. She places the chicken pieces in a plastic container of marinade, seals it, and places it in the refrigerator, at the same time taking out the fresh vegetables. She begins chopping them up on her cutting board. Which food safety mistake has Melissa made? a. She failed to keep cold foods cold. b. She failed to keep hot foods hot. c. She failed to store the raw foods properly. d. She failed to avoid cross-contamination.

D

What is the advantage of the Flavr Savr tomato? a. It is a brighter red than regular tomatoes. b. It has a more robust flavor than regular tomatoes. c. It grows on a shorter vine than regular tomatoes. d. It ripens more slowly than regular tomatoes.

D

Which of the following is a feature of world poverty? a. Poverty causes hunger in the developing but not the developed world. b. The poorest do not bear children due to poor health. c. Poverty affects about 10 percent of the world's population. d. Women and children represent the majority of those living in poverty.

D

Which of the following is an example of food intoxication? a. Addition of alkaline and acidic agents to foods b. Illness produced by acute overconsumption of high-fat foods c. Addition of alcohol-containing beverages in the cooking of foods d. Illness produced from ingestion of food contaminated with natural toxins

D

Which statement about farmers' markets is not true? a. Foods purchased from farmers' markets are in season and very fresh. b. Farmers' markets rely on community support as well as some government support. c. Farmers make more profit when they sell directly to consumers rather than to a food distributor. d. All produce sold at farmers' markets is certified organic.

D

You are shopping for steak; which term specifies that the cows had access to the outdoors and were given no antibiotics or growth hormones? a. Free range b. Natural c. Grass-fed d. Organic

D

_________ is the most dangerous food hazard, according to the FDA. a. Intentional food additives b. Pesticide residues in food c. Environmental contaminants d. Foodborne illness

D

Foodborne illness would have the greatest impact on which individual? a. Sue, a 25-year-old school teacher b. Mary, a 12-year-old middle schooler with severe food allergies c. John, an 45-year-old computer expert d. Juan, a 34-year-old architect recovering from a cold e. Callie, a 27-year-old pregnant graduate student

E

If the clams had been the cause of illness with symptoms first appearing 2 days after the meal, what microorganism would have most likely been the cause? a. Campylobacter jejuni b. Listeria monocytogenes c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Norovirus e. Vibrio infection

E

In the United States, ____ poisoning ranks as one of the most common childhood environmental health problems. a. cadmium b. iron c. mercury d. aflatoxin e. lead

E

Suppose you are planning a romantic summer picnic with your significant other, and don't have a cooler. Which menu would be the safest (that is, the least likely to cause a foodborne illness)? a. Smoked turkey and cheddar sandwiches, potato salad, and cheesecake b. Deviled eggs, baked beans, and hamburgers c. Hotdogs, French fries, and milkshakes d. Chicken salad sandwiches, coleslaw, and coconut cream pie e. Peanut butter sandwiches, corn chips, jar of salsa, and fresh oranges

E

DDT is banned from use not just in the United States but internationally as well. a. True b. False

true

To keep consumption of pesticide residues to a minimum, all of the following are recommended except: a. Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables. b. Peel produce to which wax was applied. c. Discard the outer leaves of lettuce. d. Consider purchasing some organic produce. e. Rinse produce with running water after cutting.

E

Eating undercooked or raw egg puts a person at risk for contracting hepatitis. a. True b. Fals

False

Food irradiation is opposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to the loss ofnutrients in food it causes. a. True b. Fals

False

Mad cow disease was first diagnosed in cattle in the United States in 1986. a. True b. Fals

False

The FDA requires that foods developed using genetic engineering specify this on the food label. a. True b. Fals

False

Food additives can be used to improve the texture and appearance of a product. a. True b. False

true

A major outbreak of foodborne illness due to E. coli that led to 500 reported cases of the illness and three deaths in the 1980s was linked to undercooked, contaminated hamburgers. a. True b. Fals

True

All substances are potentially toxic, but are hazardous only if consumed in sufficiently large quantities. a. True b. Fals

True

Breastfeeding permits infants in many developing countries to achieve weight and height gains equal to those of children in developed countries until about 6 months of age. a. True b. Fals

True

Foodborne illness caused by bacteria is typically due to improper handling that has allowed the microorganisms to flourish. a. True b. Fals

True

Foodborne illnesses are thought to be underreported due to many people attributing the symptoms to the flu rather than food consumption. a. True b. Fals

True

Honey can be a cause of botulism. a. True b. Fals

True

Integrated pest management is a type of farming technique designed to decrease use of chemicals by using strategies such as crop rotation and genetic engineering. a. True b. Fals e

True

SNAP is a federally funded initiative currently in place to reduce food insecurity in the United States. a. True b. Fals

True

Use of ethylene oxide is thought to be a safer method of sterilizing products such as cotton swabs, tampons, and teething rings compared to irradiation. a. True b. False

false

Canned foods have an infinite shelf-life. a. True b. False

false

Effects of undernutrition contribute to just under 10 percent of deaths worldwide for children under 5 years of age. a. True b. False

false

Food insecurity was once viewed as a problem of poverty, but it now more frequently viewed as a problem of overpopulation and inadequate food production. a. True b. False

false

Lead usually poisons a person quickly leading to sudden death after initial ingestion or exposure. a. True b. False

false

The GRAS list is established by the Environmental Protection Agency. a. True b. False

false

Food safety today refers to a food supply that is free of foodborne pathogens as well as one that is safe from bioterrorism. a. True b. False

true

The radura symbol on a food signifies that the food has been irradiated. a. True b. False

true