Chapter 13

Periodontitis is: Select one: A. A mixed infection B. An infection caused by 5 to 10 species of bacteria C. A single species infection D. An infection caused by 700 species of bacteria

A. A mixed infection

Which of the following characteristics is typical of biofilm? Select one: A. Bacteria communicate with each other by sending out chemical signals B. Bacteria exist in isolation from each other C. The environment surrounding bacteria consists of the same or similar pH's D. Bacteria are dispersed more or less evenly throughout the plaque biofilm

A. Bacteria communicate with each other by sending out chemical signals

Which of the following statements best describes bacterial blooms? Select one: A. Bacterial bloom is a period in which specific bacterial species grow at rapid rates B. Bacterial bloom occurs when bacteria grow away from the tooth C. Bacterial bloom is a rapid growth of biofilm by the addition of new bacteria D. Bacterial bloom has central rod-shaped bacterium surrounded by round cocci

A. Bacterial bloom is a period in which specific bacterial species grow at rapid rates

Legionnaire's disease, which killed 29 people in 1976, was caused by: Select one: A. Biofilm in the hotel's air conditioning unit B. Biofilm in cold food that was allowed to sit in the sun C. Biofilm that developed on a certain type of contact lens D. Contaminated water lines in a dental office

A. Biofilm in the hotel's air conditioning unit

One human mouth is home to more microorganisms than there are people on the planet Earth. Periodontal disease is a bacterial infection. Select one: A. Both statements are true B. The first statement is false; the second is true C. Both statements are false D. The first statement is true; the second is false

A. Both statements are true

The cell-to-cell adherence of one oral bacterium to another is termed: Select one: A. Coaggregation B. A bacterial bloom C. Acquired pellicle D. A microcolony

A. Coaggregation

How do bacteria adhere during the process of coaggregation to a tooth surface? Select one: A. Each bacterial strain only has a limited set of bacteria to which it can adhere B. The bacteria randomly attach to one another C. Only one species of bacteria can attach within a biofilm community D. The late bacterial colonizers determine the nature of the biofilm colony and are more significant than the earlier colonizers

A. Each bacterial strain only has a limited set of bacteria to which it can adhere

Which of the following are believed to play an important role in periodontitis? Select one: A. Gram-negative bacteria B. Nonpathogenic bacteria C. Gram-positive bacteria D. Innocuous bacteria

A. Gram-negative bacteria

When examining a bacterium under a microscope, you note the following features: a double cell membrane and a red stain. Which type of bacteria are you examining? Select one: A. Gram-negative bacterium B. Innocuous bacterium C. Gram-positive bacterium D. Nonpathogenic bacterium

A. Gram-negative bacterium

Early colonizers of the plaque biofilm are: Select one: A. Gram-positive bacteria B. Anaerobic bacteria C. Motile bacteria D. Gram-negative bacteria

A. Gram-positive bacteria

Socransky grouped microorganisms into complexes and assigned each a color. Which color signifies bacterial species that are dominant in the late stages of biofilm development? Select one: A. Green B. Red C. Yellow D. Purple

B. Red

All of the following statements about bacteria are true, EXCEPT: Select one: A. Most of the bacteria in a healthy site are very motile B. There can be as many as 100 million bacteria in one disease site C. Most of the bacteria in health are gram positive D. Bacteria found in chronic gingivitis are evenly divided between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

A. Most of the bacteria in a healthy site are very motile

What is the term for a bacterial virulence factor that is a class of proteins found in living bacterial cell membranes? Select one: A. Peptide proteins B. Bacterial enzyme C. Leukotoxin D. Lipopolysaccharides

A. Peptide proteins

Which of the following species is considered to be the most important bacterial risk factor that distinguishes individuals with periodontitis from those who are periodontally healthy? Select one: A. Tannerella forsythia B. A. actinomycetemcomitans C. Porphyromonas gingivalis D. A. odontolyticus

A. Tannerella forsythia

Periodontal pathogens can be passed from the oral cavity of one person to another by direct contact. Periodontal pathogens also can be spread by contact with inanimate objects, such as cell phones. Select one: A. The first statement is true; the second is false B. The first statement is false; the second is true C. Both statements are false D. Both statements are true

A. The first statement is true; the second is false

Your friend May wears contact lenses. In the last few months, May has had one eye infection after another. You notice that May does not clean her lens case daily. What might be causing May's eye infections? Select one: A. May is not washing her hands before inserting the lenses in her eyes B. A bacterial biofilm might have developed in May's lens case C. May be susceptible to innocuous bacteria D. May is rubbing her eyes due to allergies

B. A bacterial biofilm might have developed in May's lens case

All of the following are classified as periodontal pathogens capable of colonizing the mouth, EXCEPT: Select one: A. Tannerella forsythia B. A. odontolyticus C. A. actinomycetemcomitans D. Porphyromonas gingivalis

B. A. odontolyticus

The most successful means of destroying plaque biofilm on teeth is: Select one: A. Antimicrobial rinse B. Mechanical removal C. Oxygen D. Double dose of antibiotics

B. Mechanical removal

The type of bacteria that can cause periodontal disease are referred to as: Select one: A. Innocuous B. Pathogenic C. Symbiotic D. Flagellated

B. Pathogenic

A biofilm is a living film that grows on a surface. Biofilms are only found in the mouth. Select one: A. Both statements are false B. The first statement is true; the second is false C. The first statement is false; the second is true D. Both statements are true

B. The first statement is true; the second is false

What percent of bacteria living on earth live as attached bacteria? Select one: A. 80% B. 60% C. 99% D. 25%

C. 99%

If a bacterium wants to join a biofilm, it should look for which of the following conditions: Select one: A. Clumps of bacteria floating in the saliva B. An area of the mouth with a large number of free-floating bacteria C. A group of bacteria attached to a tooth surface D. A freshly formed area of pellicle on a tooth surface

C. A group of bacteria attached to a tooth surface

Within minutes of a professional prophylaxis, the pellicle attaches to tooth surfaces. Within hours of the pellicle formation, bacteria begin to attach to the outer surface. Select one: A. The first statement is true; the second is false B. Both statements are false C. Both statements are true D. The first statement is false; the second is true

C. Both statements are true

The protective factor that can prevent biofilm from being killed with antibiotics, antimicrobials, or the body's immune system is called: Select one: A. Fluid channels B. Leukocytes C. Extracellular slime layer D. Microcolonies

C. Extracellular slime layer

The first bacteria to colonize the tooth surface are: Select one: A. Pathogenic B. Motile C. Nonpathogenic D. Anaerobic

C. Nonpathogenic

A biofilm is: Select one: A. A calcified community of bacteria difficult to remove B. Free-floating bacteria loosely connected C. An acellular translucent film thriving on moist surfaces D. A well-organized community of bacteria

D. A well-organized community of bacteria

It is difficult to identify specific periodontal pathogens because Select one: A. Different bacteria in periodontal pockets require different culture media B. Periodontal pockets contain pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria C. Periodontal disease has episodes of active and dormant diseases D. All of these

D. All of these

All of the following statements are true about biofilm, EXCEPT: Select one: A. Biofilm is a well-organized community of bacteria that adheres to surfaces B. Biofilm forms rapidly on any dry surface C. Bacteria in biofilm are embedded in an extracellular slime layer D. An example of biofilm is tobacco stain on teeth

D. An example of biofilm is tobacco stain on teeth

Which of the following statements about disease progression is FALSE? Select one: A. As disease progresses, the number of bacteria in a site increases B. As disease progresses, the bacteria population becomes more gram-negative C. As disease progresses, bacteria become more motile D. As disease progresses, the bacteria associated with health completely disappear

D. As disease progresses, the bacteria associated with health completely disappear

Which of the following species is frequently detected in aggressive forms of periodontitis? Select one: A. A. odontolyticus B. A. actinomycetemcomitans C. Porphyromonas gingivalis D. Both B and C

D. Both B and C

The structure of biofilm resembles spiky columns. The bacteria comprising the biofilm are distributed evenly among the spikes. Select one: A. Both statements are true B. The first statement is true; the second is false C. The first statement is false; the second is true D. Both statements are false

D. Both statements are false

The organization of bacteria within biofilms is due to specific associations among bacterial species. The bacteria within a biofilm function together as a system of interdependent parts. Select one: A. The first statement is true; the second is false B. The first statement is false; the second is true C. Both statements are false D. Both statements are true

D. Both statements are true

Periodontitis is associated with high proportions of: Select one: A. Innocuous bacteria B. Aerobic bacteria C. Nonmotile bacteria D. Gram-negative bacteria

D. Gram-negative bacteria

All of the following are true regarding the benefits of daily disruption of plaque biofilms, EXCEPT: Select one: A. Periodontal pathogens cannot colonize the tooth surface until the nonpathogenic bacteria attach to the pellicle B. A disrupted biofilm must start at step 1 and reform in a specific sequence C. Each bacterial strain only has a limited set of bacteria to which it can adhere D. Motile bacteria are important first colonizers of the pellicle

D. Motile bacteria are important first colonizers of the pellicle

Free-floating periodontal pathogens can cause periodontal disease. Biofilm development always begins supragingival. Select one: A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. The first statement is true; the second is false D. The first statement is false; the second is true

D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Bacteria can penetrate through epithelium and invade the gingival connective tissue. Only gram-negative bacteria have the ability to invade gingival connective tissue. Select one: A. Both statements are false B. The first statement is false; the second is true C. Both statements are true D. The first statement is true; the second false

D. The first statement is true; the second false

Research suggests that this type of bacterial subgingival attachment is the most detrimental to the periodontal tissues: Select one: A. Bacteria that float in the periodontal pocket space B. Pellicle-associated plaque biofilm C. Tooth-associated plaque biofilm D. Tissue-associated plaque biofilm

D. Tissue-associated plaque biofilm