Chapter 13 Psychological Disorders

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

(appropriate behaviors are absent) -toneless voice -expressionless faces -mute & rigid bodies

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

(inappropriate behaviors are present) -hallucination -talk in disorganized and deluded ways -may laugh cry or lash out in rage an inappropriate times.

What are the sides of controversy about DID? (pro)

-DID is a real disorder -It is a way of coping with anxiety -Some say DID goes along with PTSD

What are the sides of controversy about DID? (skeptics think..)

-DID is constructed through the therapist- client interaction and acted out my fantasy- prone emotionally vulnerable people -Multiple personalities are the desperate efforts of people trying to detach from a horrific experience

What are the sides of controversy about DID? (con)

-Find it suspicious that DID has such a short history -DID rates vary by culture -Could DID just be an extension of our normal personality capacity

What did Rosenhan's mental hospital show about labels?

-Labels matter -If patients aren't labeled correctly... can be bias and misleading , causing patients to be misdiagnosed

What are the effects of depressants ?

-calm (depress) neural activity -slow down body functions -memory disruptions -slowed neural activity

What are the criticisms of the DSM-5?

-critics have faulted the DSM-5 as they say the manual casts too wide of a net and bringing -"almost any kind of behavior can be in the book"

What is flat affect?

-emotionless; zombielike state of no apparent feeling -this happens in schizophrenia lapse

anti-social personality disorder

A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

What psychological disorder -happens twice as much in boys compared to girls -associated with abnormal brain patterns -co-exist with learning disorders -co-exist with defiant and temper prone behavior

ADHD- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Is alcohol a stimulant or depressant?

Alcohol is a depressant

Charlies heart is racing, he has started to sweat and tremble and was pretty sure he was going faint. All at once his fingers began to feel numb and tingly. What disorder is Charlie witnessing?

Charlie is having a panic attack

How are psychological disorders defined?

Clinically significant interference with normal day to day life

...are examples of

Depressants

What is the DSM-5?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Addition

What is Thomas Szasz's view on mental disorders?

He believes... -mental disorders do not exist -mental disorders are a simple placebo affect on the brain

What does is mean when your anxiety is free floating?

It is not linked to a specific stressor or threat

Mary is afraid of thunderstorms , when she knows its coming she hides from all windows, and stays with her friend or husband. What disorder does Mary have?

Mary has a phobia of thunderstorms

Do most violent criminals have a psychological disorder ?

No

Do people with psychological commit violent crimes

No

Marcus is a young male recently diagnosed with schizophrenia. His symptoms, however, developed over a long period of time. According to the research available on schizophrenia, what are the chances that he will recover?

Not good; the slow progression of symptom development suggests he will probably never fully recover.

-Caffeine -Nicotine -Powerful cocaine -Amphetamines -Ecstasy and -Methamphetamine......are examples of

Stimulants

What are obsessions?

Thoughts, impulses, or images that persist and recur, so that they cannot be dismissed from the mind

Tom is often unfocused, agitated, sleep deprived, his gaze is fixated on potential threats and its hard for him to concentrate as his attention switched from worry to worry What disorder does Tom have?

Tom has generalized anxiety disorder

Are men or women at a greater risk for depression?

Women

Do male or females become more easily addicted to alcohol ?

Women become addicted to alcohol easier than males because they have less of a stomach enzyme that digest alcohol.

What is meant by a "syndrome"

a collection of symptoms

psychotic disorder

a disorder characterized by - a loss of contact with reality -irrational ideas -distorted perceptions

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

a disorder in which a person is continuously tense and uneasy for no apparent reason

Phobias

a person feels irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object activity and situation

What is schizophrenia?

a psychotic disorder characterized by -delusions -hallucinations -disorganized speech -inappropriate emotional expression

What is dissociative identity disorder? (DID)

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

What is the DSM used for?

a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

Stella has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Stella suffers not only from panic disorder, but also from _____.

agoraphobia

In Malaysia, for example, a sudden outburst of violent behavior is called

amok

Panic disorder

an anxiety disorder in with a person experiences panic attacks, and often lives in fear of when the next attack might strike

What is bulimia nervosa?

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting

Elaina is a 15-year-old adolescent who has become shockingly thin. She barely eats and, when she does, she compensates by exercising excessively. Elaina is MOST likely suffering from:

anorexia

Bobby stole money from the local grocery store on the corner to buy beer. He later assaulted a 72-year-old woman and stole her purse. In the alley, he dumped the purse, went to Starbucks for a cup of coffee, and proceeded to take the train over to the South Side. On the train, someone stepped on his shoes, and he threw the hot coffee on his face and laughed. Bobby would be considered to have:

antisocial personality disorder

Dan behaves irresponsibly towards his children, lacks fear, is unable to keep a job and some people have called him a psychopath What disorder does Dan have?

antisocial personality disorder

Last week, Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Amazingly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. It is possible Tate could have which disorder?

antisocial personality disorder

What is ADHD?

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Del binge eats. However, he neither purges nor engages in excessive exercise. Del may have:

binge-eating disorder

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a _____ model.

biopsychosocial

Belinda appears to be a typical 14-year-old. She socializes with her friends and spends her time listening to music and watching movies. Unknown to her parents and friends, Belinda will sometimes binge on large amounts of food and then either vomit or use laxatives to purge herself of the extra calories. Belinda MOST likely suffers from:

bulimia

Which disorder is the most common reason people seek mental health services

depression

What is anorexia nervosa?

eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

epigenetic

What is agoraphobia?

fear of public places

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing

hallucinations

Are incidence of depression overall increasing or decreasing ?

increasing

Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. Although he has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, she still expects him to do things around the house. But most days, he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. This type of absence of appropriate behavior is reflects the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia

negative

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of _____ disorder.

obsessive compulsive

Thirty-five-year-old Aria needs to have her blood taken. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Aria seems to be suffering from a(n) _____.

phobia

Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he were responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behavior reflects the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

positive

Years after he barely survived an attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is MOST clearly showing signs of _____ disorder.

posttraumatic stress

What is the medical model ?

psych disorders have physical causes that cab be diagnosed, treated medically

Is recovery more likely in acute or chronic schizophrenia ?

recovery is more likely in acute schizophrenia

What are compulsions?

repetitive behaviors

What are hallucinations?

seeing, feeling, tasting or smell things that only exist in their minds

bipolar disorder

severe mood swings between major depressive episodes and manic episodes

What is binge eating disorder?

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa

Twenty-year-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from _____ disorder.

social anxiety

_____ occurs when a person who is attacked by a fierce dog later develops a fear of all dogs

stimulus generalization

In Latin American cultures, people may suffer, a condition marked by severe anxiety

susto

social anxiety about their appearance, combined with a readiness to blush and a fear of eye contact

taijin-kyofusho

Qwan often finds himself anxious in social situations. He avoids eye contact with others and regularly dismisses his fears of blushing uncontrollably as shyness. If Qwan were Japanese, he might be suffering from:

taijin-kyofusho.

-the mind and body work as one - negative emotions contribute to physical illness -abnormal physical processes contribute to negative emotions

the biopsychosocial approach

Arianna displays very dysfunctional behavior. She is unable to care for herself, cannot dress herself, and has limited understanding of her surroundings. Prior to the reform movement influenced by Philippe Pinel, Arianna's behavior would MOST likely have been considered:

the result of demon possession

What is mania?

the widely energetic and extremely optimistic state, where dangerous poor judgement is common.

How do obsessions and compulsions link together?

unwanted repetitive thoughts(obsessions) , actions (compulsions), or both

Spencer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents have a difficult time understanding him because his speech is fragmented and bizarre. He jumps from one idea to another, sometimes within sentences, creating a....

word salad

What are the effects of a stimulant?

-excites neural activity -speeds up body functions -pupils dilate, heart/breathing rate increase -energy,self confidence, blood sugar rise -drop in appetite

What are delusions?

-false beliefs -may believe they are being threatened or pursued

What is the controversy about the diagnosis of ADHD

the argument between ADHD is really kids just being kids (they have a lot of energy/bored in school) and ADHD is an psychological disorder that requires medicine