Chapter 13: psychological testing/ intelligence
What is Thurstone's theory of intelligence?
-concluded that there is no evidence of general intelligence the spearman suggested and believe in 7 primary mental abilities
What is the wechsler test?
identifies cognitive strengths and weaknesses, identifies intellectually gifted or exposes cognitive delays
When is a test valid?
if it accurately measures what is suppose to measure
What is required for a test to have validity?
it must have the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
What have researchers found with learning and heritability?
learning and IQ scores grow to become more similar as the degree of genetic relationship increases
What does an achievement test do?
measure what you already have learned
What is gender bias?
multiple- choice format is based against females however when short- answer, essay, and other types of questions are asked the gap is closed
What is a norm?
standard of comparison for test results developed by giving the test to large; well-defined groups of people
Why measure intelligence?
study why people differ in ability, match strengths and weaknesses to jobs and school programs, help the survival of the fittest process
What is content validity?
test correlates well
What is test- retest reliability?
the measure of reliability is when a person takes a test several times within a short period of time and should score approximately the same score each time
What is the Standford-Binet intelligence scale?
the test groups test items by age level, everything is standardized and gives an IQ
What is predictive validity?
the test predicts future performance
How are test scores arranged in a percentile system?
the test scores are placed in order from highest to lowest and then assigned a percentile according to the percentage of scores that fall at or below its point on the state
What is the one goal psychological tests share?
try to find out a great deal about a person in a short time
What is the two-factor theory of intelligence? Who was it developed by?
-2 factors of intelligence are general intelligence and specific mental abilities -proposed by Charles Spearman
What are gardners 8 multiple intelligences?
1.linguistic/verbal:utilize language 2.logical-mathematics:compute logical problems 3.spatial: comprehend shapes and images in 3D 4.musical:perform and compose music 5.body-kinesthetic:perceive and control movement 6.interpersonal:interact w/ and understand others 7.intrapersonal:understand and sense oneself 8.naturalist:identify and classify patterns in nature
What are thurstones seven mental abilities?
1.verbal comprehension:understand words,concepts,ideas 2.numerical ability:use number to compute answers 3.spatial relations:visualize & manipulate patterns 4.perceptual speed: grasp details quickly & accurately 5.word fluency:use words quickly and fluently 6.memory:ability to recall info. 7.inductive reasoning:deceive general rules & principles
What is sternbergs theory of intelligence?
3 ways intelligence is divided: analytical, creative and practical thinking
What is the flynn effect?
IQ scores have been rising and the reasons believed for this are: more people receive education, better nutrition, and environment is better
What is scorer reliability?
a test yields the same results when scored at different times by different people
What is reliability?
a tests consistent ability to yield the same result under a variety of similar circumstances
What is emotional intelligence?
ability to perceive and express emotions accurately and appropriately, ability to use emotions, understand and use emotions effectively, and relegate emotions
What is cultural bias?
an aspect of an intelligence test in which the wording used in questions may be more familiar to people of one social group than to another group
What is the otis lennon school ability test?
assesses verbal, nonverbal, and quantitative abilities
What does an aptitude test do?
attempt to predict your ability to learn new skills
What is ethnic bias?
certain ethnic groups are usually of lower class causing less education
What is standardization?
defining the meaning of scores based on a comparison with performance of others who have taken the test before
What determines the fairness and usefulness of a test?
depend on its reliability, validity, and standardization
What is testing useful for?
predicting success in a career, assessing desires, interests, attitudes, and revealing psychological problems
What is split-half reliability?
randomly divide the test items in half and score each half separately and each half should agree with eachother
What is percentile system?
ranking of tests scores that indicates the ratio of scores lower and higher than a given score
What is social intelligence?
refers to understand and navigate social situations
What is restandardization?
retesting a sample of the general population to make an updated, accurate comparison group
What is Gardners theory of multiple intelligence?
several types of intelligence: verbal, logical-mathematical reasoning skills, spatial ability, musical ability, and body-kinesthetic ability
What is the stereotype threat?
when intelligence is based on race, sex, appearance, and heritage; the feeling of a person being judged will affect how you will perform because you feel you arent good enough
When is a test reliable?
when it generates consistent results