Chapter 13 Quiz

During the early 1800s, the territory between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande was claimed by both Texas and Mexico but was actually controlled by

Comanche Indians

Compromise of 1850

Complex compromise devised by Senator Henry Clay that admitted California as a free state, included a stronger fugitive slave law, and delayed determination of the slave status of the New Mexico and Utah territories.

Fort Sumter

First battle of the Civil War, in which the federal fort in Charleston (South Carolina) Harbor was captured by the Confederates on April 14, 1861, after two days of shelling.

In the presidential election of 1848...

Martin Van Buren ran for president as a candidate of the Free Soil Party

Know-Nothing Party

Nativist, anti-Catholic third party organized in 1854 in reaction to large-scale German and Irish immigration; the party's only presidential candidate was Millard Fillmore in 1856

Lincoln-Douglas debates

Series of senatorial campaign debates in 1858 focusing on the issue of slavery in the territories; held in Illinois between Republican Abraham Lincoln, who made a national reputation for himself, and incumbent Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas, who managed to hold on to his seat.

Harpers Ferry, Virginia

Site of abolitionist John Brown's failed raid on the federal arsenal, October 16-17, 1859; Brown became a martyr to his cause after his capture and execution.

in the early decades of the 1800s, the population living in Texas who were non-Indian and of Spanish origin were called...

Tejanos

Tejanos

Texas settlers of Spanish or Mexican descent

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

The military leader who, in 1834, seized political power in Mexico and became a dictator. In 1835, Texans rebelled against him, and he led his army to Texas to crush their rebellion. He captured the missionary called the Alamo and killed all of its defenders, which inspired Texans to continue their resistance and Americans to volunteer to fight for Texas. The Texans captured Santa Anna during a surprise attack, and he bought his freedom by signing a treaty recognizing Texas's independence.

Commodore Matthew Perry

U.S. naval officer who negotiated the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854. First step in starting a political and commercial relationship between the US and Japan

At the 1860 Democratic convention, Douglas's supporters felt they had a majority, yet...

did not have the 2/3 required for a presidential nomination

In 1853-1854, President Millard Fillmore dispatched American warships to Japan under the command of Commodore Matthew Perry in an effort to

force a trade treaty with an outright demand that the Japanese deal with the United States.

Free Soil Party

political organization formed in 1848 to oppose slavery in the territory acquired in the Mexican War; nominated Martin Van Buren for president in 1848. By 1854, most of the party's members had joined the Republican Party

Which of the following territories did NOT come to the US as a result of its victory in the Mexican war?

present-day Kansas

popular sovereignty

program that alllowed settlers in a disputed territory to decide the slavery issue for themselves, closely associated with Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois

When Texas declared itself independent of Mexico, its new constitution..

protected slavery even though Mexico had earlier abolished slavery.

Abraham Lincoln reentered politics in 1854 as a result of

the Kansas-Nebraska Act

There were calls by some expansionists for the United States to annex all of Mexico, yet the movement failed because

the fear that the nation could not assimilate the large non-white Catholic population.

According to the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act,

the question of whether slavery would be allowed in these territories would be decided by local (white) settlers.

In the Compromise of 1850...

the slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia

The Free Soil Party's platform called for

the government to bar slavery from the western territories and provide land free in the territories to people who wanted to homestead there.

Between 1848 and 1860, American trade with China..

tripled

In response to the nomination of Stephen Douglas's Democratic candidacy, seven of the Southern delegates...

walked out of the convention

Gadsden Purchase

30,000 square miles in present-day Arizona and New Mexico bought by Congress from Mexico in 1853 primarily for the Southern Pacific Railroad's transcontinental route

Mexican War

Controversial war with Mexico for control of California and New Mexico, 1846-1848; the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo fixed the border at the Rio Grande and extended the United States to the Pacific coast, annexing more than a half-million square miles of Mexican territory.

in the 1844 presidential election...

James K. Polk, a slaveholder, was the Democratic Party's nominee

the initial fighting of the Civil War began when...

Jefferson Davis ordered batteries to fire on Fort Sumter.

Which was NOT part of the Irish experience on their arrival in the United States in the late 1840s and 1850s?

Soon after their arrival, most Irish became strong proponents of the Republican party

The first state to secede the Union was also the state with the highest percentage of slaves in its population...

South Carolina

the Texas Revolt

The 1830s rebellion of residents of the territory of Texas—many of them American emigrants—against Mexican control of the region.

the Slave Power

The Republican and abolitionist term for proslavery dominance of southern and national governments.

"Bleeding Kansas"

Violence between pro- and antislavery settlers in the Kansas Territory, 1856.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 law sponsored by Illinois senator Stephen A. Douglas to allow settlers in newly organized territories north of the Missouri border to decide the slavery issue for themselves; fury over the resulting repeal of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 led to violence in Kansas and to the formation of the Republican Party.

Which was not part of Lincoln's appeal to northern voters in the 1860 election?

As an earlier candidate of the Know-Nothing Party, he appealed to immigrant voters.

the Fugitive State Act

allowed special federal commissioners to determine the fate of alleged fugitives without the benefit of a jury trial or testimony by the accused individual.

The expansionist spirit of the early 19th century that God intended the American nation to reach all the way to the Pacific ocean was called...

manifest destiny

gold rush

massive migration of Americans into California territory in the late 1840s and 1850s in pursuit of gold, which was discovered in 1848

Wilmot Proviso

proposal to prohibit slavery in any land acquired in the Mexican War; defeated by southern senators, led by John C. Calhoun of SC

In the 1850s, two great areas of industrial production had arisen in consequence of the market revolution. These were

the Atlantic Coast from Baltimore to Boston, and the cities around the Great Lakes.

Which of the following was not a key goal of James K. Polk?

establish a slave-free state in the West

the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854...

established the principal of popular sovereignty whereby the status of slavery would be determined

Which of the following pieces of the statue atop the Capitol building in Washington, D.C., was part of a controversy concerning slavery?

her cap

Fugitive Slave Act

1850 law that gave the federal government authority in cases involving runaway slaves; aroused considerable opposition in the North.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

1857 U.S. Supreme Court decision in which Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories, on the grounds that such a prohibition would violate the Fifth Amendment rights of slaveholders, and that no black person could be a citizen of the United States.