Chapter 13 - Sexuality and the Adult Years
98. The ratio of widows to widowers a. has increased. b. has decreased. c. has stayed the same. d. increased until 1985 and then reached a plateau.
A
38. Marriage has served all of the following functions EXCEPT a. defining inheritance rights. b. providing a structured economic partnership. c. regulating sexual behavior to some degree. d. providing a secure place to ensure happiness.
D
93. People who continue to grow in age can develop a wholeness of self. To do so requires couples to do all of the following EXCEPT a. convey yourself to each other. b. see inside each other during sex. c. face oneself. d. give up one's own desires.
D
100. In MOST heterosexual couples, a. the man dies first. b. the woman dies first. c. both the woman and the man die within a year of each other. d. there is no pattern regarding death of a partner.
A
17. Laurie and Andy live together as lovers in a committed relationship but are not married. This type of relationship is referred to as a. a domestic partnership. b. friends with benefits. c. an open marriage. d. polyandry.
A
27. The governments and people of India and China are most worried about a. the millions of men who by 2020 will be without women to marry as a result of the imbalanced ratio of boys to girls. b. high bride prices. c. the 33% of single men between ages 30 and 35 who still live at home. d. the 50% of women between ages 25 and 29 who are single.
A
29. When collectivist cultures become more individualist, people are less likely to remain in marriages, as we see in a. China. b. the U.S. c. Brazil. d. Australia.
A
33. Which of the following is the BEST predictor of marital satisfaction? a. Moments of support, kindness, passion, and mutual pleasure that far outweigh moments of disgust, criticism, defensiveness, and anger b. Having a validating relationship style c. Sharing similar goals and interests d. Sharing compatible views on finances and money management
A
44. ____ is the practice of having multiple wives; ____ is the practice of having multiple husbands. a. Polygamy; polyandry b. Polyandry; polygamy c. Serial monogamy; serial androgyny d. Polygamy; androgyny
A
45. All of the following are traditional elements of MOST Western marriages EXCEPT a. polyandry. b. heterosexuality. c. legality. d. sexual exclusivity.
A
52. Participants in an open marriage a. encourage each other to have close, meaningful relationships with others. b. discourage each other from having emotional relationships outside the marriage but encourage sexual encounters. c. often evolve into "swingers." d. are committing a felony in most states.
A
62. Which of the following would be LEAST likely to increase the likelihood of extramarital sex? a. Being at the age of a midlife crisis b. Out of town travel c. Higher interest in sex d. Permissive sexual attitudes
A
63. Javier and Helena go to parties with other married couples and have sexual interactions with other married couples' partners. Javier and Helena are best described as a. swingers. b. polygamists. c. adulterers. d. polyamorists.
A
65. Which of the following statements regarding extramarital affairs is FALSE? a. Research indicates that monogamous couples had higher divorce rates than couples in which one or both partners had participated in extramarital affairs. b. Extramarital affairs may have serious consequences for both the participant and his or her spouse. c. Extramarital affairs may be a symptom of a disintegrating marriage. d. Extramarital affairs may cause marital breakups.
A
66. Which of the following is an example of a consensual extramarital relationship? a. Swinging b. Infidelity c. Adultery d. Extramarital affair
A
67. Most societies have restrictive norms pertaining to extramarital sex. Which of the following is the MOST accurate example of such norms? a. Women in Pakistan who were convicted of adultery being sentenced to death b. Men in Canada being allowed to commit adultery only with Canadian women c. American women being convicted of adultery unless in the process of divorce d. American men being allowed to commit adultery as long as children are not involved
A
69. All of the following are given as reasons for the high divorce rate in the United States EXCEPT the a. decreasing expectations for marriage to provide sexual and emotional fulfillment. b. reduction in the social stigma attached to divorce. c. increased economic independence of women. d. liberalization of divorce laws.
A
74. Many people compare the emotions they feel after a divorce to a. the death of a spouse. b. winning the lottery. c. losing a job. d. apathy and indifference.
A
75. Despite the feelings of divorce being uncomfortable and painful, many people experience a. a feeling of autonomy. b. an interest in new sexual orientations. c. a renewed interest in religion. d. strengthened ties with their in-laws.
A
76. After a divorce, when do the majority of people feel a sense of relief and acceptance? a. By one year after the divorce b. By two years after the divorce c. By three years after the divorce d. By four years after the divorce
A
78. With regard to divorce statistics, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The fact that about half of all marriages will end in divorce is a sign of the societal rejection of the institution of marriage. b. A significant percentage of divorces involve people who have been married and divorced more than once. c. The proportion of marriages ending in divorce has increased dramatically since the 1950s. d. Recent statistics reveal that the divorce rate has leveled off and is even declining slightly.
A
84. According to your text, which of the following is a recent trend regarding older women? a. One-third of women over age 40 are dating younger men. b. More men are choosing to marry older women than in the past. c. Older women are choosing to appear less often in advertising to avoid stigmatization. d. More men are more actively recruiting older women to executive positions and to join the "club."
A
91. Which of the following statements regarding homosexual relationships in later life is FALSE? a. Challenges and rewards of aging are experienced only by heterosexual adults. b. Older gays and lesbians match or exceed comparable groups in life satisfaction. c. Frequency of sexual activity in gay men remains quite stable. d. Socializing and partnering with same-age peers is an important aspect for older gay men.
A
95. Which of the following statements regarding sexuality and aging is FALSE? a. It is extremely rare for new sexual relationships to begin in later adulthood, i.e., over 65. b. It is possible that homosexuals may be better able to deal with losses with aging because of the adversity that they have already experienced. c. It is useful for older adults to redefine their affectionate relationships. d. Sex therapy may be useful even for older individuals and couples.
A
In which country do the 30% of couples who share a household and are not married have all the rights and obligations of married couples? a. Sweden b. Japan c. Italy d. France
A
The largest demographic group using dating sites consists of a. higher-income, college-educated individuals. b. lower-income, college-educated individuals. c. higher-income, high school-educated individuals. d. lower-income, high school-educated individuals.
A
20. The religion of Islam allows a man to have up to a. three wives. b. four wives. c. five wives. d. six wives.
B
25. Sex between members of different races, whether or not the people involved were married, is known as a. infidelity. b. miscegenation. c. hotwifing. d. monogamish.
B
26. Around the world, about 60 million girls under age 18 are married. According to your text, what is the youngest age of some of these girls? a. Five b. Eight c. Eleven d. Fourteen
B
35. Couples who report having a good marriage believe that their marriages ____ them as individuals. a. solidify b. enhance c. stabilize d. reclaim
B
36. As compared with Kinsey's research, contemporary American married men and women appear to be a. engaging in intercourse with about the same frequency. b. experiencing a wider repertoire of sexual behavior. c. experiencing a decrease in the duration of precoital activity. d. experiencing an increase in fellatio and a decrease in cunnilingus.
B
39. Which of the following is NOT true of individualistic cultures regarding marriage? a. People in individualistic cultures place a lot of emphasis on love as a reason for marriage. b. Divorce rates are lower in individualistic cultures than in collectivist cultures. c. Individual goals and desires may take precedence over family. d. Arranged marriage is not typically seen in individualistic cultures.
B
43. Which of the following is NOT a culture that has practiced polygamy? a. Mormons b. Catholics c. Swaziland d. The Middle East
B
47. People's expectations for marriage have ____, and our supportive network for marriage has ____. a. declined; expanded b. expanded; declined c. shrunk; decreased d. expanded; increased
B
53. What effect has the Internet had on extramarital relationships? a. None, because people cannot engage in an affair unless they actually meet in person. b. While the Internet makes it easy to find people for extramarital relationships, it also makes it easy for the spouse to find out about them. c. The sexual release that is available on the Internet has actually decreased the number of extramarital affairs. d. The Internet is responsible for most extramarital affairs in the 21st century.
B
54. Sexual interaction outside of a couple relationship, whether the couple is married or just living together, is known as a. monogamy. b. nonmonogamy. c. bigamy. d. polyamory.
B
68. Of those described below, who is statistically MOST likely to divorce? a. Rick, who gets married at age 32 b. Kristina, who gets married at age 19 c. Thich, who has a bachelor's degree d. Letitica, who has a bachelor's degree
B
73. People of high socioeconomic status are MORE likely to attribute divorce to a. financial difficulties. b. lack of love and communication. c. irreconcilable differences. d. infidelity.
B
79. As the generation that reached adulthood during the ____ moves into senior citizenship, the notion of sexless old age is likely to decline. a. 1950s b. sexual revolution c. stonewall riots d. 1990s
B
85. Susan Sontag's advice to women as they grow older is a. to exercise regularly and eat well. b. to age naturally without embarrassment. c. to seek plastic surgery in order to maintain a youthful appearance. d. to cultivate their youthfulness for as long as possible.
B
88. All of the following are discussed as factors influencing sexual activity in later years EXCEPT a. physical health. b. religious background. c. regularity of sexual expression. d. sexual activity levels in early adulthood.
B
89. Frequency of sexual activity for those who continue to be sexually active does NOT decrease significantly until after age a. 90 b. 74 c. 62 d. 50
B
Neil Warren, founder of the site eHarmony, claims to be responsible for ____% of marriages in the United States. a. 2 b. 5 c. 9 d. 15
B
The median age at first marriage in the United States (as of 2010) is ____ for men and ____ for women. a. 23; 21 b. 28; 26 c. 32; 30 d. 25; 22
B
18. Statistically, where would one find some of the highest rates of divorce in the United States? a. In the most politically liberal regions b. In the Pacific Northwest c. In the most politically conservative regions d. In the state of California
C
19. In contemporary India, ____% of marriages are arranged. a. 40 b. 60 c. 90 d. 100
C
22. Complications from pregnancy are the leading cause of death for young women between ages 15 and 19 in a. Nepal. b. Ethiopia. c. Yemen. d. Niger.
C
23. Interracial marriage was banned in more than a dozen states as recently as a. 1947. b. 1957. c. 1967. d. 1977.
C
30. When Gottman's team videotaped married couples resolving conflict, they identified all of the following patterns as predictors of marital dissatisfaction and separation EXCEPT a. facial expressions of disgust or fear. b. defensiveness. c. verbal expressions of anger. d. verbal expressions of contempt.
C
31. Gottman and his researchers were able to predict marital discord in about ____% of the cases that they've studied. a. 50 b. 60 c. 90 d. 98
C
34. Which of the following couples would be MOST likely to maintain a happy, stable relationship? a. One that shares a validating relationship style b. One that demonstrates a 7:1 ratio of positive to negative interactions in the relationship c. One where the husband listens to his wife's requests and concerns and accepts her influence, and she initiates discussions with him in a diplomatic manner d. One that shares similar short-term and long-term goals and "chooses their battles" by agreeing to avoid conflict in most instances
C
40. Traditionally, the most primary function of marriage has been to a. reproduce until there are enough children to take care of the parents. b. provide emotional security for women. c. provide a stable economic unit in which to raise children. d. provide emotional security for men.
C
41. Which of the following couples is most likely to have married for rational, practical reasons rather than for love? a. John and Susan, who were born and raised in the United States b. Maria and Juan, who were born in Western Europe c. Vindhi and Thomas, who were born and raised in India d. Clyve and Theodora, who were born and raised in British Columbia
C
42. When observing concerns about marriage around the globe, which statement is FALSE? a. The UN is campaigning in the Middle East to prevent girls 13 and younger from being married. b. Leaders in the United Arab Emirates want families to lower the prices of brides. c. Marriage tends to be stable and of little concern in most industrialized countries. d. Polyandry is becoming a more common practice in Middle Eastern cultures.
C
51. Polyamory a. is the same as polyandry. b. is a form of nonconsensual extramarital sex. c. emphasizes honest, ethical relationships that consist of trios, groups of couples, and intentionally created families. d. was popularized through the work of Masters and Johnson.
C
59. Research shows that people raised by divorced parents have MORE a. negative attitudes about marriage but are themselves less likely to divorce than are people raised by parents who remained married. b. positive attitudes about marriage and are themselves less likely to divorce than are people raised by parents who remained married. c. negative attitudes about marriage and are themselves more likely to divorce than are people raised by parents who remained married. d. positive attitudes about marriage but are themselves more likely to divorce than are people raised by parents who remained married.
C
71. Which of the following BEST summarizes men's and women's perceptions regarding the cause of their divorces? a. Men are more likely to report that their wife's problematic behavior led to the divorce; women are more likely to say they don't know what led to the divorce. b. Men are more likely to blame money problems; women are more likely to blame it on communication difficulties. c. Women are more likely to report that their husband's problematic behavior led to the divorce; men are more likely to say they don't know what led to the divorce. d. Women and men are both likely to blame it on sexual incompatibility.
C
72. Which of the following individuals would be MOST likely to get a divorce? a. A woman with a baccalaureate degree who marries at age 25 b. A man with a baccalaureate degree who marries at age 25 c. A woman with a doctoral degree who marries at age 35 d. A man with a doctoral degree who marries at age 35
C
82. Which of the following pairings BEST reflects the double standard of aging? a. A powerful male and female of the same age b. A powerful older female with a younger male c. A powerful older male with a younger female d. An attractive younger male with an unattractive older female
C
83. As a man ages, his achievements and social status are often seen as a. threats to younger females. b. threats to older females. c. associated with his sexual appeal. d. indications of the impending loss of virility.
C
87. Which of the following statements regarding sexuality and aging is FALSE? a. Poor health and illness have a greater effect on sexual functioning than does age itself. b. Sexual activity of older adults is, unfortunately, evidenced by the rising incidence of HIV/AIDS in this group. c. The older generation rarely uses vibrators or sexually explicit materials. d. For older adults, genital contact may become less frequent, but non-intercourse activities remain stable or increase.
C
92. Older lesbians may have all of the following advantages over older heterosexual women EXCEPT a. a lesbian woman is less likely to be left alone because statistically her partner is not likely to die at a younger age. b. if a lesbian woman is left alone, she will have more potentially available partners. c. lesbian women are less likely to be affected by the physiological aspects of aging. d. the double standard is not an issue for lesbian women, as most older lesbians prefer partners of similar ages.
C
94. The majority of older gay men a. are sexually active with younger men. b. indicate that they experience more sexual variety than ever before. c. indicate that their current sex lives are satisfying. d. report that sex is more frequent than when they were younger.
C
A research study found that most women and men had a. more positive than negative emotional reactions to their FWB relationships, although women were even more positive about FWB relationships than men were b. more negative than positive emotional reactions to their FWB relationships, although women were even more negative about FWB relationships than men were. c. more positive than negative emotional reactions to their FWB relationships, although men were even more positive about FWB relationships than women were. d. more negative than positive emotional reactions to their FWB relationships, although men were even more negative about FWB relationships than women were.
C
Current social attitudes toward cohabitation can BEST be described as a. tolerant. b. negative. c. increasingly accepting. d. indifferent.
C
Domestic partnership laws apply to a. couples who have been married for less than one year. b. couples who are committed to each other but live separately. c. homosexual or heterosexual couples who live together in a committed relationship. d. only heterosexual couples who live together in a committed relationship.
C
Jen has had three boyfriends over the last five years. She has been sexually active with each of them, but never had sex outside of the relationship while she was with a boyfriend. Jen is practicing a. polyamory. b. polyandry. c. serial monogamy. d. serial polygyny.
C
Single adults comprise ____% of the population in the United States. a. 15 b. 25 c. 45 d. 60
C
The fastest-growing segment of Internet dating traffic is the a. 18-and-younger population. b. 30-and-younger population. c. 50-and-older population. d. 40-and-older population.
C
Which of the following is the BEST example of serial monogamy? a. A married person who has a succession of extramarital affairs, but is never involved in more than one affair at a time b. A married person who has concurrent extramarital affairs c. A single person who has a succession of sexually exclusive relationships d. A single person who has concurrent sexual relationships with a number of different partners
C
21. Which country offers payment of $9,200, longer paid maternity leave, and financial assistance for childcare to encourage couples to have a second child? a. Japan b. France c. China d. Russia
D
24. One of the few studies on relationship quality in interracial couples found that interracial and same-race couples were a. different in conflict and attachment style but experienced the same relationship satisfaction. b. different in conflict and attachment style; however, interracial couples reported significantly higher relationship satisfaction than same-race couples. c. similar in conflict and attachment style; however, interracial couples reported significantly lower relationship satisfaction than same-race couples. d. similar in conflict and attachment style; however, interracial couples reported significantly higher relationship satisfaction than same-race couples.
D
28. We can assume that the authors believe that a good marriage a. will have great sex. b. will be largely problem free. c. will occur in about one out of five marriages. d. means a commitment to working on problems.
D
32. Gottman's research team has found that lasting and happy marriages are characterized by a ____ to ____ ratio of positive to negative emotional interactions. a. two; one b. three; one c. four; one d. five; one
D
37. How does being raised in a collectivist culture affect attitudes about marriage? a. In collectivist cultures, marriage serves the purpose of uniting families. b. In collectivist cultures, intense love between two people may actually be seen as a threat to the family. c. As collectivist cultures become more individualistic, marriage becomes less stable. d. All of the above
D
46. What best defines a matriarchal society? a. Women are allowed to have multiple husbands. b. Several men are allowed to share a single bride. c. Women tend not to marry. d. Women carry the family name.
D
48. According to your text, the main reason MOST people in the United States marry is a. to regulate sexual behavior. b. to have children. c. to have someone to take care of them in old age. d. to have mutual happiness and fulfillment.
D
49. Which of the following behaviors have NOT increased in married couples? a. Oral stimulation of the breasts b. More focus on foreplay c. Oral sex in general d. Anal intercourse
D
50. Sharon is married and has promised fidelity to her husband, but engages in a one-night stand. Sharon has experienced all of the following EXCEPT a. an extramarital relationship. b. nonconsensual extramarital sex. c. adultery. d. an open marriage.
D
55. In 2005, the ____ government recognized a three-person cohabitation contract between a married couple and another individual, who formed the first government-recognized polyamorous union. a. Swiss b. Norwegian c. French d. Dutch
D
56. What has become the term that many people use to describe multiple consensual relationships? a. Monogamy b. Nonmonogamy c. Bigotry d. Polyamory
D
57. Terms such as cheating, adultery, infidelity, having an affair, and fooling around are used to describe a. swinging. b. monogamy. c. polyamorous relationships. d. nonconsensual extramarital sex.
D
58. All of the following were cited by the authors as reasons for engaging in nonconsensual extramarital sex EXCEPT a. the desire to expand emotionally or sexually. b. the unavailability of sex within the marriage. c. a way to end a marriage that is no longer satisfying. d. a manifestation of sexual addiction.
D
60. Tenderness has been rated as a. not important to either men or women. b. equally important to men and women. c. more important to women than to men. d. more important to men than to women.
D
61. The nation's first full-time senior center for sexual minorities was opened in a. Chicago. b. Louisville. c. San Francisco. d. New York City.
D
64. Which of the following statements regarding extramarital affairs is MOST accurate? a. Extramarital affairs are the major cause of divorce. b. Extramarital affairs are most always symptoms of a troubled marital relationship. c. Monogamous couples have similar divorce rates as compared to couples in which one or both partners have participated in extramarital affairs. d. Involvement in an extramarital affair can have serious consequences for the participants, including loss of self-respect, severe guilt, and stress associated with leading a secret life.
D
70. Which of the following individuals would be LEAST likely to get a divorce? a. A woman who marries at age 18 b. A man who marries at age 24 c. A woman who marries at age 26 d. A man who marries at age 32
D
77. All of the following are common reactions experienced by people adjusting to divorce EXCEPT a. a sense of acceptance. b. shock. c. loneliness. d. unwavering interest in establishing sexual relationships.
D
80. Aging in our society is often associated with sexlessness for many reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of these reasons? a. Many people still equate sex with procreation. b. There is a disproportionate focus on youth in this culture. c. There is an unspoken attitude that it is not acceptable for older people to have sexual needs. d. The majority of older people no longer want or enjoy sexual contact.
D
81. The media usually links the young with all of the following EXCEPT a. love. b. sex. c. romance. d. commitment
D
86. A national survey of men and women age 60 and older defined "sexually active" as performing ____ at least once per month. a. vaginal intercourse b. oral sex c. anal intercourse d. any of the above
D
90. A nationally representative survey of men and women age 60 and older found that about ____ are sexually active. a. one-fifth b. one-third c. one-fourth d. half
D
96. Adult eroticism can be described BEST as a. one of low expectations. b. an exercise in futility. c. physiological responsiveness. d. a function of emotional maturation.
D
97. Which of the following are characteristics of widowhood? a. Intense grief b. A feeling that potential relationships will be less intense c. A lack of the sense of failure in the marriage d. All of the above
D
99. Which of the following statements regarding postmarital adjustment to widowhood is FALSE? a. Widowed people do not usually feel that they have failed at marriage in the way that many divorced people do. b. Widowed people may experience more intense grief than divorced people. c. More divorced women than widows remarry. d. Over half of widowed men and women remarry.
D
The year ____ was the first time in the United States that married couples represented a minority of all American households. a. 2000 b. 2003 c. 2007 d. 2010
D
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a contributing factor to the increase in the number of single adults? a. A greater emphasis on advanced education b. An increase in the number of women who no longer depend on marriage for economic stability c. An increase in the number of people choosing to not marry at all d. An increase in the practice of serial monogamy
D
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a contributing factor to the increase in the number of single adults? a. The tendency of more women to place career goals ahead of marriage b. The rising divorce rates c. An increase in number of people who live together outside of marriage d. An increase in the influence of religion
D
Which of the following would NOT be considered an appropriate reason for living together? a. A sense of being together simply because a couple wants to be together b. A feeling of less pressure to take on roles of wife or husband c. The stigma of failure is less severe than that of divorce if the relationship ends d. A dissatisfaction with prior sexual relations.
D
Which one is NOT true of cohabitation? a. The most common reasons people give for deciding to cohabit are to spend more time together, for convenience, to evaluate compatibility, and to share expenses. b. Men and women with low incomes have the greatest percentages of increases in cohabitation. c. Census figures reveal that by 2010, about 7.5 million unmarried heterosexual couples were living together in the United States. d. Many cohabiting couples are simply waiting to marry until after they have a child.
D