Chapter 13 Westward Expansion
Texas; Mexico; Republic of Texas
American settlers in _____ rebelled against _____ and created the independent _____
frontier
American's ideas of the West changed as the _____ moved from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains
Only 15%
At the end of 1850, what was the percentage of Californians were Mexican?
Oregon
Free land and the mild climate attracted settlers from all parts of the United States to __________
John Jacob Astor
German immigrant who sent the first American fur-trading expedition to Oregon
California
Gold fever brought thousands of immigrants to _____
2,000 miles
How long did the Oregon trail stretch?
$18 million dollars
How much did the United States pay the Mexicans after the Mexican-American War?
Architecture was revealing Spanish culture, using adobe and sun-dried blocks; clothing, such as ponchos and moccasins showed the Native Americans culture and both exchanged languages and food
In what ways did the Spanish and Native Americans contribute to the Southwest's unique culture in the early 1800s?
Great Plains, northwest, and southwest
Name three areas made up by the West after the 1820s.
West
Place where traders and trapped helped open up settlement
Mexican-controlled lands
Some Americans moved to the __________ of the Southwest
Junipero Serro
Spanish missionary who converted Native Americans to Catholicism
1820-1860
Time of westward expansion
Mexican-American War
War where American forces defeated Mexican troops
1. removed missions from church control 2. gave their lands in large land grants to Mexican settlers
What are two changes Mexico made when it took control of the Southwest?
United States, Great Britain, Russia, and Spain
What four countries all claimed the Northwest as their own?
Creoles are American born children, Mestizos are Native American and African born children
What is the difference between Creoles and Mestizos
Oregon and Washington
What present day states does the northwest include?
they were forced to live and work at missions
What was the missions on Indians?
to convert Native Americans to Catholics
What was the purpose for Spanish missionaries?
the election process of the Utah Territory, businesses by "outsiders", and polygamy
What were the three issues dividing the federal government and the Mormons?
the wagons were heavy for those who were defeated by disease during the trail, water that was clean and safe was very hard to find, which destroyed their bodies
What were two dangers that settlers in Oregon faced?
1844
When did James J. Polk win the election?
1845
When did Texas become part of the United States?
1836
When did Texas declare independence from Mexico?
1846
When did the Mexican-American War begin?
1869 in the Wyoming Territory
Where and when was the first area to grant women the right to vote
Texans at San Jacinto
Where and who said, "Remember the Alamo!"?
the Alamo
Where did Santa Anna move his troops where Anglo-Americans and Tejanos were gathered together?
Fort Astor; Astoria, Oregon
Where was the American Fur Company made?
from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Oceon
Where was the northwest?
Santa Anna and at Chapultepec
Who defeated Mexico and then gave Mexico's capital to the Americans and where was this war?
John Jacob Astor
Who established the American Fur Company in 1808
Joseph Smith
Who found Mormon Church?
William Becknell
Who was the Santa Fe Trail opened up by?
it was too hard to clear the thickly rooted grass that covered it
Why weren't the Great Plains settled quickly?
rendezvous
a meeting where the trappers would trade furs for supplies
Great Plains
a route used for the Far West between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River
annex
add on
siege
attack in which one force surrounds a city or fort
James K. Polk
called for annexation of both Texas and Oregon; 11th President of U.S.A.
William Becknell
captain who led a wagon train filled with merchandise from Independence Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico
expansion
extending the nation beyond its existing borders
mountain men
fur trappers of the Northwest
land grants
government gifts of land
Gadsden Purchase
land bought by United States from Mexico
Spanish Borderlands
land part of New Spain after Mexicans settled in the Southwest; California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and half of Colorado
Stephen Austin
led a group of 300 Americans into Texas and sent letters to Sam Houston
Sam Houston
led a small army in a surprise attack against Santa Anna's army at San Jacinto
John C. Fremont
led several expeditions to explore the area
water rights
legal rights to use water in a river, stream, or other body
Marcus and Narcissa Whitman
missionaries in Oregon who served the Cayuse Indians
Brigham Young
new Mormon leader who led a hazardous journey to the valley of the Great Salt Lake
Joseph Smith
new York farmer who created the holy book of the Book of Mormon
forty-niner
nickname given to people who came to California in search of gold
dictatorship
one-person rule
rancheros
owners of ranches
Mormons
religious settlers who moved west to Utah for religious freedom
vigilante
self-appointed law enforcers
Mississippi River
territory settled by Americans in the 1820s
Manifest Destiny
the idea that the United States had the right to "spread and possess the whole of the continent"
frontier
the land that forms the farthest extent of a nation's settled regions
polygamy
the practice of having more than one wife at a time
Oregon Fever
time when Oregon had free and fertile land, the mild was climate, and rain fell in the river valleys
cede
to give up
rancheros
trade under Mexican rule was with
peninsulares
trade under Spanish rule was with
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
treaty in which the United States gained cast new territories
