Chapter 13 Westward Expansion

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Texas; Mexico; Republic of Texas

American settlers in _____ rebelled against _____ and created the independent _____

frontier

American's ideas of the West changed as the _____ moved from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains

Only 15%

At the end of 1850, what was the percentage of Californians were Mexican?

Oregon

Free land and the mild climate attracted settlers from all parts of the United States to __________

John Jacob Astor

German immigrant who sent the first American fur-trading expedition to Oregon

California

Gold fever brought thousands of immigrants to _____

2,000 miles

How long did the Oregon trail stretch?

$18 million dollars

How much did the United States pay the Mexicans after the Mexican-American War?

Architecture was revealing Spanish culture, using adobe and sun-dried blocks; clothing, such as ponchos and moccasins showed the Native Americans culture and both exchanged languages and food

In what ways did the Spanish and Native Americans contribute to the Southwest's unique culture in the early 1800s?

Great Plains, northwest, and southwest

Name three areas made up by the West after the 1820s.

West

Place where traders and trapped helped open up settlement

Mexican-controlled lands

Some Americans moved to the __________ of the Southwest

Junipero Serro

Spanish missionary who converted Native Americans to Catholicism

1820-1860

Time of westward expansion

Mexican-American War

War where American forces defeated Mexican troops

1. removed missions from church control 2. gave their lands in large land grants to Mexican settlers

What are two changes Mexico made when it took control of the Southwest?

United States, Great Britain, Russia, and Spain

What four countries all claimed the Northwest as their own?

Creoles are American born children, Mestizos are Native American and African born children

What is the difference between Creoles and Mestizos

Oregon and Washington

What present day states does the northwest include?

they were forced to live and work at missions

What was the missions on Indians?

to convert Native Americans to Catholics

What was the purpose for Spanish missionaries?

the election process of the Utah Territory, businesses by "outsiders", and polygamy

What were the three issues dividing the federal government and the Mormons?

the wagons were heavy for those who were defeated by disease during the trail, water that was clean and safe was very hard to find, which destroyed their bodies

What were two dangers that settlers in Oregon faced?

1844

When did James J. Polk win the election?

1845

When did Texas become part of the United States?

1836

When did Texas declare independence from Mexico?

1846

When did the Mexican-American War begin?

1869 in the Wyoming Territory

Where and when was the first area to grant women the right to vote

Texans at San Jacinto

Where and who said, "Remember the Alamo!"?

the Alamo

Where did Santa Anna move his troops where Anglo-Americans and Tejanos were gathered together?

Fort Astor; Astoria, Oregon

Where was the American Fur Company made?

from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Oceon

Where was the northwest?

Santa Anna and at Chapultepec

Who defeated Mexico and then gave Mexico's capital to the Americans and where was this war?

John Jacob Astor

Who established the American Fur Company in 1808

Joseph Smith

Who found Mormon Church?

William Becknell

Who was the Santa Fe Trail opened up by?

it was too hard to clear the thickly rooted grass that covered it

Why weren't the Great Plains settled quickly?

rendezvous

a meeting where the trappers would trade furs for supplies

Great Plains

a route used for the Far West between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River

annex

add on

siege

attack in which one force surrounds a city or fort

James K. Polk

called for annexation of both Texas and Oregon; 11th President of U.S.A.

William Becknell

captain who led a wagon train filled with merchandise from Independence Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico

expansion

extending the nation beyond its existing borders

mountain men

fur trappers of the Northwest

land grants

government gifts of land

Gadsden Purchase

land bought by United States from Mexico

Spanish Borderlands

land part of New Spain after Mexicans settled in the Southwest; California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and half of Colorado

Stephen Austin

led a group of 300 Americans into Texas and sent letters to Sam Houston

Sam Houston

led a small army in a surprise attack against Santa Anna's army at San Jacinto

John C. Fremont

led several expeditions to explore the area

water rights

legal rights to use water in a river, stream, or other body

Marcus and Narcissa Whitman

missionaries in Oregon who served the Cayuse Indians

Brigham Young

new Mormon leader who led a hazardous journey to the valley of the Great Salt Lake

Joseph Smith

new York farmer who created the holy book of the Book of Mormon

forty-niner

nickname given to people who came to California in search of gold

dictatorship

one-person rule

rancheros

owners of ranches

Mormons

religious settlers who moved west to Utah for religious freedom

vigilante

self-appointed law enforcers

Mississippi River

territory settled by Americans in the 1820s

Manifest Destiny

the idea that the United States had the right to "spread and possess the whole of the continent"

frontier

the land that forms the farthest extent of a nation's settled regions

polygamy

the practice of having more than one wife at a time

Oregon Fever

time when Oregon had free and fertile land, the mild was climate, and rain fell in the river valleys

cede

to give up

rancheros

trade under Mexican rule was with

peninsulares

trade under Spanish rule was with

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

treaty in which the United States gained cast new territories


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