Chapter 14

24. Blood flow is increased by A. hypotension. B. anemia. C. vasoconstriction. D. edema.

. B. anemia.

43. Increased blood pressure stimulates A. decreased outflow from the baroreceptors. B. decreased sympathetic outflow to the heart. C. decreased parasympathetic outflow to the heart. D. postural hypotension.

. B. decreased sympathetic outflow to the heart.

35. Cardiovascular changes resulting from moderate exercise include A. increased total peripheral resistance. B. increased blood flow to the skin. C. increased visceral blood flow. D. decreased stroke volume.

. B. increased blood flow to the skin.

18. Angiotensin I is formed from the plasma protein by the action of the enzyme A. Angiotensin II; renin. B. angiotensinogen; ACE C. angiotensinogen; renin. D. renin: ACE.

. C. angiotensinogen; renin.

8. Stroke volume is inversely proportional to A. preload. B. contractility. C. total peripheral resistance. D. Both preload and contractility.

. C. total peripheral resistance

22. At rest, blood flow is greatest in the A. skin and GI tract. B. brain and liver. C.GI tract and liver. D. kidneys and skin.

. C.GI tract and liver.

50. Secondary hypertension may result from A. a renin secreting tumor. B. an atrial natriuretic factor secreting tumor. C. an aldosterone antagonist. D. an epinephrine antagonist.

A. a renin secreting tumor.

27. Blood flow would be increased by A. histamines. B. antihistamines. C. thromboxane A2. D. angiotensin II.

A. histamines.

37. When active areas of the brain receive excessive blood flow over their aerobic requirements, this is called A. hyperemia. B. hypoemia. C. hypersensitive. D. myogenic.

A. hyperemia

31. Active hyperemia is A. increased blood flow due to increased metabolism. B. increased blood flow after removal of constriction due to accumulated metabolic products. C. increased blood flow due to sepsis. D. All of the choices are correct.

A. increased blood flow due increased metabolism

23. Increased blood flow resistance is caused by A. increased blood vessel length. B. decreased blood viscosity. resisrane C. vasodilation. D. increased blood pressure.

A. increased blood vessel length.

49. Essential hypertension A. is the type of hypertension that most patients have. B. is the result of a known disease process. C. is a necessary physiological state. D. All of the choices are correct.

A. is the type of hypertension that most patients have.

12. The is equal to the hydrostatic pressure of the blood in the capillaries minus the hydrostatic pressure of tissue interstitial fluid outside the capillaries. A. net filtration pressure blood B. blood pressure C. osmotic pressure D. None of the choices are correct.

A. net filtration pressure

4. The ejection fraction is A. normally about 60% at rest. B. the ratio of end diastolic volume to end systolic volume. C. increased by parasympathetic agonists. D. decreased by sympathetic agonists.

A. normally about 60% rest.

42. A condition in which there is a fall in blood pressure upon standing that is not compensated for by the baroreceptor reflex is called A. postural hypotension. B. postural bradycardia. C. postural tachycardia. D. postural atherosclerosis.

A. postural hypotension.

52. Dangerously low blood pressure that results from infection is A. septic shock. B. anaphylactic shock. C. neurogenic shock. infechoh-pti D. cardiogenic shock.

A. septic shock.

32. Coronary bypass surgery is performed A. to limit myocardial ischemia. B. to increase blood pressure. C. in response to an aneurysm. D. in response to hypertension.

A. to limit myocardial ischemia

29, Endothelin causes A. vasoconstriction. B. vasodilation. C. no effect.

A. vasoconstriction

54. Cardiogenic shock can result from A.myocardial ischemia infarction. B. increased cardiac output. C. increased sympathetic outflow to the heart. D. parasympathetic antagonists.

A.myocardial ischemia infarction.

20. The heart produced hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), functions antagonistically to A. ADH B. aldosterone. C. angiotensin I. D. glucocorticoids.

B. aldosterone.

40. If cardiac output increases, the peripheral resistance must for arterial blood pressure to remain constant. inureage A. increase B. decrease C. no change

B. decrease

5. Stroke volume is affected by all of the following EXCEPT Stroke-emotonal A. total peripheral resistance. B. emotional stress. C. cardiac contractility. D. end diastolic volume (EDV).

B. emotional stress

51. A person with a decreased blood pressure, rapid pulse, and cold clammy skin would be suffering from A. peripheral edema. B. hypovolemic shock. C. myocardial ischemia. D. atherosclerosis.

B. hypovolemic shock.

30. Reactive hyperemia is A. increased blood flow due to increased metabolism. B. increased blood flow after removal of constriction due to accumulated metabolic products. C. increased blood flow due to sepsis. D. All of the choices are correct.

B. increased blood flow after removal of constriction due to accumulated metabolic products.

6. According to the Frank-Starling Law of the heart, as contraction strength increases the stroke volume Framkincrses A. decreases. B. increases. C. shows no change.

B. increases

15. Elephantiasis is caused by A. decreased plasma protein concentration. B. obstruction of lymphatic drainage. C. high arterial blood pressure. D. myxedema.

B. obstruction of lymphatic drainage.

46. The sounds heard during the first phase of blood-pressure measurement are A. murmurs. B. snapping sounds. C. thumping sounds. D. muffled thumping sounds.

B. snapping sounds.

28. Nitric oxide (NO) causes A. vasoconstriction. B. vasodilation. C. no effect.

B. vasodilation.

17 is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex which stimulates kidney salt reabsorption in the kidneys. A. ADH B.Aldosterone Steroids C. Renin D. Angiotensin

B.Aldosterone

26 inhibits norepinephrine reuptake thereby it induces vasoconstriction. A. Nicotine B.Cocaine

B.Cocaine

10. Muscle length has a more pronounced effect on contraction strength in cardiac muscle than in skeletal muscle. This is because cardiac muscle has a greater sensitivity to A. depolarization. B. lactic acid. C. calcium. D. Parasympathetic antagonist

C. Calcium

33. Which type of muscle has the greatest capillary density? A. skeletal cardiac B. smooth C. cardiac

C. cardiac

45. The last Korotkoff sound occurs when the blood pressure is equal to A. atmospheric pressure. B. systolic pressure. C. diastolic pressure. D. pulmonary pressure.

C. diastolic pressure.

47. There is no mixing of blood layers or sounds from vessels during flow. A. turbulent B. Korotkoff C. laminar D. restricted

C. laminar

9. In response to increased ventricular filling A. total peripheral resistance increases. B. sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine. C. myocardial cells stretch. D. myocardial contractility in decreases.

C. myocardial cells stretch.

53. The type of shock resulting from lipopolysaccharides is termed A. hypovolemic shock. B. cardiogenic shock. C. septic shock. D.neurogenic shock septrer

C. septic shock.

2. Norepinephrine is released from nerves, causing heart rate to A. parasympathetic, increase. B. parasympathetic, decrease. C. sympathetic, increase. D. sympathetic, decrease.

C. sympathetic, increase.

19. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors like captopril block the formation of angiotensin II, thus reducing A. vasodilation. B. renal reabsorption. blockconsmonen C. vasoconstriction. D. renal excretion.

C. vasoconstriction.

38. Dizziness during hyperventilation is due to a decrease in cerebral blood flow. The decreased blood flow is caused by A. vasodilation. B. decreased stroke volume. C. vasoconstriction. D. decreased respiration.

C. vasoconstriction.

13. Net filtration would be decreased by A. liver damage. B. increased hepatic protein synthesis. C.hypotension. D. increased cellular metabolism.

C.hypotension.

34. During maximal exercise, the skeletal muscles can receive as much as of the total blood flow. A. 35% B.45% C.65% D. 85%

D. 85%

39. Arterial blood pressure is influenced by A. vasoconstriction. B. cardiac rate. C. cardiac output D. All of the choices are correct.

D. All of the choices are correct.

1. Cardiac output is equal to A. stroke volume - cardiac rate. B. stroke volume / cardiac rate. C. stroke volume + cardiac rate. D. Stroke volume x cardiac rate

D. Stroke volume x cardiac rate

41. Inhibition of the baroreceptor reflex would not allow for proper regulation of A. cardiac rate. B. stroke volume. C. respiratory rate. D. blood pressure.

D. blood pressure.

44. Damage to the vagus nerve would A. decrease heart rate. B. decrease cardiac output. C. decrease blood pressure. D. decrease responsiveness of the baroreceptor reflex.

D. decrease responsiveness of the baroreceptor reflex.

3. The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole is known as the A. after-load. B. pre-diastolic volume (PDV). C. stroke volume (SV). D. end-diastolic volume (EDV).

D. end-diastolic volume (EDV).

21. Hypotension could be induced by A. excessive renin secretion. B. excessive antidiuretic hormone secretion. C. excessive aldosterone secretion. D. excessive atrial natriuretic factor secretion.

D. excessive atrial natriuretic factor secretion.

36. During exercise, all of the following occur EXCEPT ihcrraged A. increased stroke volume. B. increased cardiac rate. C. shunting of blood from visceral organs to skeletal muscle and heart. D. increased vasoconstriction of coronary arteries.

D. increased vasoconstriction of coronary arteries.

11. Cardiac output would be increased by A. sympathetic antagonists. B. parasympathetic agonists. inureased- C. negative inotropic agents. D. positive chronotropic agents.

D. positive chronotropic agents.

16. Vasopressin induces renal water A. secretion. B. excretion. C. filtration. D. reabsorption.

D. reabsorption.

48. The mean arterial pressure of a person with a blood pressure of 128/68 would be А. 20. В. 60. C. 68 D.81

D.81

25. ADH would be considered a(n) regulator of blood flow. A. intrinsic B. extrinsic C.hormonal D.Both extrinsic and hormonal are correct

D.Both extrinsic and hormonal are correct

7. Stroke volume is directly proportional to A. preload. B. contractility D.Both preload and C. total peripheral resistance. contractility.

D.Both preload and contractility.

14. Edema would be induced by all of the following EXCEPT A. hypertension. B. protein malnutrition. C. lymphatic blockage. edhyper D.hyperthyroidism.

D.hyperthyroidism.