Chapter 14

Binge-eating disorder

Binge-eating disorder is a serious eating disorder in which you frequently consume unusually large amounts of food. Almost everyone overeats on occasion, such as having seconds or thirds of a holiday meal. But for some people, overeating crosses the line to binge-eating disorder and it becomes a regular occurrence, usually done in secret (and fear embarrassment). pg 614

Diagnosis

: the act of identifying a disease, illness, or problem by examining someone or something : a statement or conclusion that describes the reason for a disease, illness, or problem pg 577

Catatonic Schizophrenia

Catatonic = weird muscle movement. Catatonic schizophrenia is one of several types of schizophrenia, a chronic mental illness in which a person loses touch with reality (psychosis). Catatonic schizophrenia includes episodes of behavior at extreme opposite ends of the spectrum. You may seem like you're in coma-like daze — unable to speak, move or respond — or you may talk and behave in a bizarre, hyperactive way. pg 599

Conversion Disorder

Causes patients to suffer from neurological symptoms, such as numbness, blindness, paralysis, or fits without a definable organic cause. pg 587

Disorganized Schizophrenia

Disorganized schizophrenia is marked by thoughts, speech and behavior that are inappropriate and don't make sense. Disorganized schizophrenia is considered a more severe type of schizophrenia because people with this condition may be unable to carry out routine daily activities, such as bathing and meal preparation. It may be hard to understand what people with disorganized schizophrenia are saying.

Availability Heuristic

The availability heuristic operates on the notion that if something can be recalled, it must be important. Subsequently, people tend to heavily weigh their judgments toward more recent information. For example, someone who normally is not afraid of flying may suddenly decide flying is dangerous because of the disappearance of the recent airplane in Asia. pg 617

Anxiety disorders

There are many types of anxiety disorders including panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobias, and generalized anxiety disorder pg 582

Culture-bound Disorder

a combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture

Cyclothymic Disorder

a mild form of bipolar disorder (manic depressive illness) in which a person has mood swings over a period of years that go from mild depression to emotional highs.

Antisocial personality disorder

a pervasive pattern of disregard for, or violation of, the rights of others pg 606

Bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging, or consuming a large amount of food in a short amount of time followed by an attempt to rid oneself of the food consumed (purging), typically by vomiting, taking a laxative, diuretic, or stimulant, and/or excessive exercise, because of an extensive concern for body weight. pg 592

Anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by immoderate food restriction, inappropriate eating habits or rituals, obsession with having a thin figure and an irrational fear of weight gain, as well as a distorted body self-perception 613

Dissociative Disorders

conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity or perception. People with dissociative disorders use dissociation, a defense mechanism, pathologically and involuntarily. Dissociative disorders are thought to primarily be caused by psychological trauma. pg 589

Dissociative Amnesia

involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, consciousness or awareness, identity and/or perception pg 589

Agoraphobia

is an anxiety disorder characterized by anxiety in situations where the sufferer perceives certain environments as dangerous or uncomfortable Page 582

Comorbidity

the presence of one or more additional disorders (or diseases) co-occurring with a primary disease or disorder (enjoy a random photo of two dogs because I can't find a picture for comorbidity - but remember - two or more disorders like two or more dogs!) pg 616

Concordance rate

the presence of the same trait in both members of a pair of twins pg 584

Delusions

A delusion is a belief held with strong conviction despite superior evidence to the contrary 598

Conjunction Fallacy

A formal fallacy that occurs when it is assumed that specific conditions are more probable than a single general one. Example: Linda is 31 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and also participated in anti-nuclear demonstrations. Which is more probable? Linda is a bank teller. Linda is a bank teller and is active in the feminist movement. The majority of those asked chose option 2. However the probability of two events occurring together (in "conjunction") is always less than or equal to the probability of either one occurring alone pg 617

Bipolar disorder

A mood disorder and a type of mental illness characterized by episodes of an elevated or agitated mood known as mania that often alternates with episodes of depression. Quick changes from happiness to sadness. pg 592

Dissociative Fugue

People with dissociative fugue temporarily lose their sense of personal identity and impulsively wander or travel away from their homes or places of work. They often become confused about who they are and might even create new identities. pg 589