Chapter 14: Main DSM-5 Categories of Mental Disorders

Bipolar and Related Disorders

These disorders include major fluctuations in mood—from mania to depression—and also can include psychotic experiences, which is why they are placed between the psychotic and depressive disorders in DSM-5.

Elimination Disorders

These involve inappropriate elimination of urine or feces (e.g., bed-wetting).

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

This collection of disorders involves persistent use of substances or some other behavior (e.g., gambling) despite the fact that it leads to significant problems.

Anxiety Disorders

These are disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety that are extreme enough to impair a person's functioning, such as panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and specific phobia.

Neurocognitive Disorders

These are disorders of thinking caused by conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or traumatic brain injury.

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

These are disorders that develop in response to a traumatic event, such as posttraumatic stress disorder.

Personality Disorders

These are enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that lead to significant life problems.

Paraphilic Disorders

These are conditions characterized by inappropriate sexual activity, such as pedophilic disorder.

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

These are conditions characterized by the presence of obsessive thinking followed by compulsive behavior in response to that thinking.

Sexual Dysfunctions

These are problems related to unsatisfactory sexual activity, such as erectile disorder and premature ejaculation.

Feeding and Eating Disorders

These are problems with eating that impair health or functioning, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

These are conditions in which a person experiences bodily symptoms (e.g., pain, fatigue) associated with significant distress or impairment.

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders

These are conditions involving problems controlling emotions and behaviors, such as conduct disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, and kleptomania.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

These are conditions that begin early in development and cause significant impairments in functioning, such as intellectual disability (formerly called "mental retardation"), autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Medication-Induced Movement Disorders and Other Adverse Effects of Medication

These are problems with physical movement (e.g., tremors, rigidity) that are caused by medication.

Sleep-Wake Disorders

These are problems with the sleep-wake cycle, such as insomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea.

Dissociative Disorders

These are conditions characterized by disruptions or discontinuity in consciousness, memory, or identity, such as dissociative identity disorder (formerly called "multiple personality disorder").

Depressive Disorders

These are conditions characterized by extreme and persistent periods of depressed mood.

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

This is a group of disorders characterized by major disturbances in perception, thought, language, emotion, and behavior.

Other Mental Disorders

This is a residual category for conditions that do not fit into one of the above categories but are associated with significant distress or impairment, such as an unspecified mental disorder due to a medical condition.

Gender Dysphoria

This is a single disorder characterized by incongruence between a person's experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender.