chapter 14

The values obtained from the bomb calorimeter, adjusted to reflect the kilocalories actually transformed into energy in the human body, are called

physiological fuel values

The energy used to extract kilocalories from foods and process the macronutrients is referred to as

the thermic effect of food

) A state of negative energy balance can eventually result in a weight loss.

true

Body composition is usually expressed as percent body fat.

true

Body weight and body composition do not measure the same component.

true

Brown adipose tissue has more mitochondria than does white adipose tissue.

true

The energy needed to fuel the body's vital organs (e.g., brain, lungs) is referred to as basal metabolism.

true

The two types of fat that make up total body fat are essential fat and stored fat.

true

To maintain a stable body weight, the amount of the kilocalories in versus the kilocalories out must be equal.

true

Basal metabolism is the energy required to fuel the body's

vital organ functions

Approximately what percent of the kilocalories in food is used for the thermic effect of food (TEF)?

10 percent

Approximately what percentage of the body is made up of essential fat?

12 percent for women/3 percent for men

A BMI that is considered healthy is in the range of

18.5 - 24.9

Approximately how many excess kilocalories are required to gain 1 pound of body weight?

3,500

A high risk of weight-related health problems is seen in women whose waist circumference begins to exceed ____.

35 inches

There is a high risk of obesity-related health problems when a man's waist circumference begins to exceed ____.

40 inches

In an adult who gains 20 pounds of excess body weight, about how much of this is the lean tissue gain?

5 lbs.

When an adult gains an extra 10 pounds of body weight, approximately how much of this weight is fat?

50%

RMR is approximately how much higher or lower than BMR?

6% higher

The weight of a body minus the fat content is known as the ____.

lean body mass

What is the most frequently fatal health effect among those who suffer from an eating disorder?

low blood potassium

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a measurement of energy expenditure when the body is

motionless after a 3 to 4 hour fast

According to an extensive research, in what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with the highest risks for cardiovascular disease?

abdomen

What fraction of the day's energy expenditure of the average person is represented by the basal metabolism?

about 60%

In which group of people are disordered eating and eating disorders more common?

adolescent and young adult females

Which of the following health risks is NOT associated with obesity?

amenorrhea

Which factor has the most influence on the body's metabolic rate?

amount of lean body tissue

Being underweight is associated with which of the following health risks?

anemia

BMR is measured when the cellular activity of the body is

at its lowest

All of the following factors influence adaptive thermogenesis except

basal metabolism

The ratio of fat tissue to lean body mass is referred to as

body composition

An index of a person's weight in relation to the height is called ____.

body mass index

Visceral fat is fat stored under the skin and between the muscles.

false

Lean body mass includes all of the following except

fat

What causes those who suffer from anorexia nervosa to control their food intake?

intense fear of becoming overweight

Which statement is true of the body mass index?

it correlates with the disease risks

The body reaches a state of the energy balance when

kilocalories consumed equals kilocalories expended by BMR and physical activity