Chapter 14 Quiz Questions

According to the rule of nines, the front of an adult patient's trunk accounts for ____ of his or her body surface area. -9% -18% -27% -36%

18%

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct? -Anaphylactic shock is the most common type of shock -Anaphylactic shock usually has a very rapid onset -Penicillin is the most common cause of anaphylactic shock -Anaphylactic shock does not affect the capillaries

Anaphylactic shock usually has a very rapid onset

Spinal cord injuries caused by a gunshot wound would MOST likely occur as the result of: -any gunshot wound to the neck or trunk -a gunshot wound to the pelvic region -any gunshot wound to the skull -large-caliber gunshot wounds to the head

Any gunshot wound to the neck or trunk

Immediate treatment for a patient with an open chest wound involves: -covering the wound with sterile gauze -placing the patient on his or her side -applying an occlusive dressing -applying supplemental oxygen

Applying an occlusive dressing

Most external bleeding can be controlled by: -applying light dressings to the wound -applying a proximal tourniquet -applying direct pressure to the wound -elevating the injury site

Applying direct pressure to the wound

Patients with cardiogenic shock stand the BEST chance for survival if they: -receive paramedic-level care within 30 to 45 minutes -have their lower extremities elevated 6" to 12" (15.2 to 30.4 cm) -are transported promptly to an appropriate medical facility -receive 100% supplemental oxygen as soon as possible

Are transported promptly to an appropriate medical facility

Which of the following statements regarding arterial bleeding from an extremity is correct? -Your first action should be to elevate the injured extremity -Arterial bleeding is not as serious as capillary bleeding -This type of bleeding is easier to control than venous bleeding is -Arterial blood will surge from the wound with each heartbeat

Arterial blood will surge from the wound with each heartbeat

In addition to maintaining airway, breathing, and circulation, the MOST important aspect to consider when caring for a patient who has fainted as the result of psychogenic shock is: -assessing the patient for any injuries that may have occurred -quickly standing the patient up to improve blood flow -providing emotional support until the paramedics arrive -determining if the patient suffers from a psychiatric illness

Assessing the patient for any injuries that may have occurred

When applying a sterile dressing to an open wound of the forearm, you should: -preferably use a dressing that measures 10" × 30" (25 cm × 76.2 cm) -apply a tourniquet over the dressing to secure it firmly in place -avoid touching the side that will be in contact with the wound -first clean the open wound with a saline solution or sterile water

Avoid touching the side that will be in contact with the wound

To compensate for fluid loss, the heart: -rate becomes slower -begins to pump faster -decreases its pumping force -rhythm becomes irregular

Begins to pump faster

What occurs when blood pools in the capillaries instead of circulating throughout the circulatory system? -Blood pressure falls -The pulse rate falls -The skin reddens -Breathing decreases

Blood pressure falls

Laying a shock patient flat and elevating his or her legs may cause: -a decreased risk of vomiting and subsequent aspiration -improvement if the patient also has a severe head injury -blood to drain from the legs into the circulatory system -the patient to breathe easier if respiratory distress is present

Blood to drain from the legs into the circulatory system

A contusion is also known as a bruise and is an injury that occurs when: -a small or large vein has been lacerated -a flap of skin is torn away from the body -the skin is rubbed across a rough surface -blood vessels beneath the skin are broken

Blood vessels beneath the skin are broken

It is MOST important to bandage both eyes when there is an object impaled in one of them because: -the patient's eyes typically move in opposite directions -this will reduce the amount of pressure in the eyeball -both eyes move together and can result in further injury -doing so will provide the greatest amount of pain relief

Both eyes move together and can result in further injury

Which of the following statements regarding respiratory burns is correct? -The absence of difficulty breathing rules out a respiratory burn -A respiratory burn is any burn that affects the upper airway only -Breathing problems can develop rapidly or over several hours -Respiratory burns are rare if the patient was unconscious in a fire

Breathing problems can develop rapidly or over several hours

Shortly after you apply an occlusive dressing to the chest of a man who was stabbed, the patient begins to experience increased difficulty breathing. EMTs are en route to the scene but will not arrive for approximately 8 minutes. You should: -closely monitor the patient's breathing until the responding EMTs arrive -remove the occlusive dressing and promptly update the responding EMTs -apply sterile gauze pads over the occlusive dressing and reassess the man -briefly remove a corner of the occlusive dressing to allow air to escape

Briefly remove a corner of the occlusive dressing to allow air to escape

Place the following treatments for external bleeding in the proper order of use:A. ​application of pressure at a pressure pointB. ​elevation of the body partC. ​application of direct pressureD.​use of a tourniquet B, C, D, A C, B, A, D A, B, C, D C, B, D, A

C, B, D, A

Shock is MOST accurately defined as: -excess carbon dioxide removal -massive internal bleeding -cardiovascular system collapse -failure of the respiratory system

Cardiovascular system collapse

Bleeding is classified as all the following, except. -Arterial -Cellular -Capillary -Venous

Cellular

Which of the following is NOT usually a sign or symptom of shock? -Weak, rapid pulse -Damp, warm skin -Thirst -Confusion

Damp, warm skin

Burns are classified by the: -severity of pain -depth of the burn -method of treatment -age of the patient

Depth of the burn

Bleeding from a wound to the male or female genitalia is MOST effectively treated with: -direct pressure -chemical ice packs -pressure dressings -elevation of the legs

Direct Pressure

The most common and effective way to control bleeding is by: -Cold application -Direct pressure -Pressure points -Elevation

Direct pressure

As soon as you determine that your patient is in shock, you should begin the appropriate treatment and then: -ensure that an ambulance has been dispatched -call for additional emergency medical responders (EMRs) to provide assistance -notify the hospital and obtain physician guidance -place the patient in the recovery position

Ensure that an ambulance has been dispatched

When applying a bandage, you should: -tighten it until the pulse beyond the injury weakens. -ensure that the dressing completely covers the wound -recall that bandages are used to prevent contamination -check circulation beyond the wound every 20 minutes

Ensure that the dressing completely covers the wound

Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include: -gurgling respirations -slow heart rate -facial swelling -sunken eyes

Facial swelling

Signs and symptoms of internal bleeding include all of the following, EXCEPT: -rapid, shallow breathing -flushed, moist skin -vomiting of blood -bleeding from the rectum

Flushed, moist skin

Thermal burns are caused by: -lightning -electricity -heat -fire

Heat

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause a nosebleed? -high blood pressure -injury to the neck -rapid heart rate -diabetes

High blood pressure

When treating any patient with a nosebleed, you should: -arrange for prompt transport to the hospital -instruct the patient not to blow his or her nose -lie the patient back with his or her head extended -pinch the nostrils together for at least 30 seconds

Instruct the patient not to blow his or her nose

When treating a patient in shock caused by pump failure, you should NOT lay the patient down if he or she: -has slow, shallow respirations -is having trouble breathing -has low blood pressure -has a history of heart attacks

Is having trouble breathing

Compared to the brachial artery pressure point, the femoral artery pressure point: -is located in the lower part of the leg -requires a lesser amount of compression -is easier to locate and apply pressure to -is more difficult to locate and squeeze

Is more difficult to locate and squeeze

Compared to the entrance wound caused by a gunshot, the exit wound: -closes quickly -is often much smaller -is usually larger -bleeds less severely

Is usually larger

Which statement about arterial bleeding is correct? -Arterial bleeding has a steady flow -It is the most serious type of bleeding -Clot formation takes place rapidly -It causes the blood pressure to rise

It is the most serious type of bleeding

You are dispatched to a senior citizen center for an elderly woman with a nosebleed. When you arrive, you find the patient sitting in a chair with her head over a basin. Her blood pressure is elevated and she complains of being lightheaded. The MOST appropriate care for this patient consists of: -placing her in the recovery position, keeping her head neutral, pinching both nostrils together, and elevating her legs at least 6" (15.2 cm) -keeping her in a seated position, tilting her head slightly forward, and pinching both nostrils together for at least 5 minutes -keeping her in a seated position, tilting her head backward, and applying direct pressure to the bridge of her nose for at least 5 minutes -placing her in a lying position on the floor, pinching both of her nostrils together, and elevating her legs 6" to 12" (15.2 to 30.4 cm)

Keeping her in a seated position, tilting her head slightly forward, and pinching both nostrils together for at least 5 minutes

When treating a patient with major soft-tissue trauma to the neck, you should: -maintain the airway and stabilize the head and neck -routinely apply finger pressure above and below the wound -treat the injury while the patient is in a lying position -firmly apply a sterile dressing around the neck

Maintain the airway and stabilize the head and neck

General treatment for shock includes: -elevating the patient's head 6" to 12" (15.2 to 30.4 cm) -giving the patient small sips of warm water -maintaining body temperature with blankets -definitively treating the cause of the shock

Maintaining body temperature with blankets

While caring for a patient in anaphylactic shock, your MOST important concern should be to: -maintain body temperature -monitor the airway for swelling -administer the patient's medication -provide continuous emotional support

Monitor the airway for swelling

Which of the following general statements regarding shock is correct? -You should try to make the shock patient comfortably cool -Check the ABCs of a patient in shock every 15 minutes -Most causes of shock must be treated in the hospital -Only a physician can control severe external bleeding

Most causes of shock must be treated in the hospital

Treatment for a completely severed arm includes all of the following, EXCEPT: -cooling the arm with cold packs -placing the arm in a plastic bag -taking standard precautions -placing the arm directly on ice

Placing the arm directly on ice

The transporting medium for the solid parts of the blood is called: -water -lymphatic fluid -plasma -oxygen

Plasma

Which of the following blood components interacts with other substances in the blood to form clots that help stop bleeding? -white blood cells -plasma -red blood cells -platelets

Platelets

Intact skin that is blistered following a burn: -significantly increases the risk of an infection -is usually painless to the patient -indicates that all skin layers were burned -provides an excellent barrier against infection

Provides an excellent barrier against infection

A patient who faints but quickly regains consciousness once in a horizontal position has MOST likely experienced: -cardiogenic shock -anaphylactic shock -psychogenic shock -spinal shock

Psychogenic shock

Which of the following statements regarding puncture wounds is correct? -Puncture wounds are typically associated with minimal internal injuries and severe external bleeding -Most puncture wounds occur to the head and neck and are usually caused by something impaled in the patient's body -Puncture wounds may cause significant internal injury despite minimal external bleeding -Puncture wounds are exclusively caused by knives and cause significant external bleeding

Puncture wounds may cause significant internal injury despite minimal external bleeding

As shock progresses in severity, breathing becomes: -deep and irregular -slow and irregular -rapid and shallow -deep and rapid

Rapid and shallow

A superficial burn is characterized by: -a lack of pain as a result of nerve damage -reddened and painful skin -a high risk of severe infection -the formation of blisters

Reddened and painful skin

After ensuring your own safety, initial treatment for a patient with a chemical burn involves: -removing as much of the chemical from the skin as possible -applying a commercially manufactured burn ointment or gel -immediately flushing the skin with copious amounts of water -quickly covering the affected area with moist, sterile dressings

Removing as much of the chemical from the skin as possible

Which of the following statements regarding face and scalp wounds is correct? -Bleeding from scalp lacerations is very difficult to control -Small lacerations can result in a large amount of bleeding -Never use direct pressure to control bleeding from the scalp -Face and scalp lacerations often result in severe shock

Small lacerations can result in a large amount of bleeding

Dressing and bandaging open wounds are performed for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT to: -stabilize any fractures -immobilize the injury site -prevent contamination -control bleeding

Stabilize any fractures

Which position is best for the treatment of shock if there is no head injury? -Supine with legs elevated -Recovery position -Semi-sitting -Lateral

Supine with legs elevated

A construction worker was struck on the upper arm with a 2" × 4". He is in severe pain and is holding his arm against his chest. Your assessment reveals a large contusion and swelling at the injury site. You should: -manipulate his arm to elicit pain -suspect an underlying fracture -apply direct pressure to the injury -advise him to see his family physician

Suspect an underlying fracture

Any time you approach a patient with a soft-tissue injury, your MOST immediate priority should be to: -take standard precautions -ensure a patent airway -control all bleeding -cover the injury

Take standard precautions

When applying a dressing to an open wound, it is important to: -take steps to prevent further contamination -apply a loose tourniquet over the dressing -cover at least two thirds of the wound -thoroughly clean the open wound first

Take steps to prevent further contamination

Characteristics of a third-degree burn include all of the following, EXCEPT: -fluid loss and infection -uncontrolled intense pain -muscle and nerve damage -disfigurement

Uncontrolled intense pain