Chapter 14 Review

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a measurement of energy expenditure when the body is A) active after 10 hours of sleep. B) motionless after a 3- to 4-hour fast. C) sleeping. D) recovering from vigorous exercise

motionless after a 3-4 hour fast

The values obtained from the bomb calorimeter, adjusted to reflect the kilocalories actually transformed into energy in the human body, are called A) physical fuel values. B) physiological fuel values. C) calorimetric fuel values. D) densitometry measurement values

physiological fuel values

The energy used to extract kilocalories from foods and process the macronutrients is referred to as A) the energy effect of food. B) the thermic effect of food. C) adaptive thermogenesis. D) non-exercise activity thermogenesis

the thermic effect of food

Basal metabolism is the energy required to fuel the body's A) voluntary movements. B) vital organ functions. C) daily physical activities, including exercise. D) digestion and absorption of nutrients from food

vital organ functions

Approximately what percent of the kilocalories in food is used for the thermic effect of food (TEF)? A) 5 percent B) 10 percent C) 15 percent D) 20 percent

10 percent

Approximately what percentage of the body is made up of essential fat? A) 9 percent for women; 5 percent for men B) 15 percent for women; 18 percent for men C) 12 percent for women; 3 percent for men D) 18 percent for women; 20 percent for men

12 percent for women; 3 percent for men

A BMI that is considered healthy is in the range of A) 0.5-9.9. B) 18.5-24.9. C) 25.4-29.9. D) 10.5-15.5

18.5-24.9

Approximately how many excess kilocalories are required to gain 1 pound of body weight? A) 3,500 B) 2,500 C) 2,750 D) 3,000

3,500

A high risk of weight-related health problems is seen in women whose waist circumference begins to exceed ____. A) 24 inches B) 28 inches C) 35 inches D) 42 inches

35 inches

There is a high risk of obesity-related health problems when a man's waist circumference begins to exceed ____. A) 40 inches B) 45 inches C) 50 inches D) 55 inches

40 inches

In an adult who gains 20 pounds of excess body weight, about how much of this is the lean tissue gain? A) 1 lb B) 2 lbs C) 5 lbs D) 10 lbs

5 lbs

Approximately what percentage of weight loss during the starvation is lean body mass? A) 50% B) 40% c. 35% D) 25%

50%

RMR is approximately how much higher or lower than BMR? A) 6 percent higher B) 8 percent lower C) 10 percent higher D) 30 percent lower

6 percent higher

When an adult gains an extra 10 pounds of body weight, approximately how much of this weight is fat? A) 1 lb B) 2.5 lbs C) 5 lbs D) 7.5 lbs

7.5 lbs

Visceral fat is fat stored under the skin and between the muscles. A) True B) False

False

Which statement is true of the body mass index? A) It correlates with the disease risks. B) It provides an estimate of the fat level of the body. C) It is defined as the person's height divided by the square of the weight. D) Its absolute value is less important than the rate at which it changes

It correlates with the disease risks

What is the most frequently fatal health effect among those who suffer from an eating disorder? A) low blood potassium B) low blood sugar C) low blood sodium D) low blood calcium

low blood potassium

A state of negative energy balance can eventually result in a weight loss. A) True B) False

True

Body composition is usually expressed as percent body fat. A) True B) False

True

Body weight and body composition do not measure the same component. A) True B) False

True

Brown adipose tissue has more mitochondria than does white adipose tissue. A) True B) False

True

The energy needed to fuel the body's vital organs (e.g., brain, lungs) is referred to as basal metabolism. A) True B) False

True

The two types of fat that make up total body fat are essential fat and stored fat. A) True B) False

True

To maintain a stable body weight, the amount of the kilocalories in versus the kilocalories out must be equal. A) True B) False

True

The weight of a body minus the fat content is known as the ____. A) lean body mass B body mass index C) ideal body weight D) body composition

a lean body mass

According to an extensive research, in what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with the highest risks for cardiovascular disease? A) Legs and feet B) Abdomen C) Hips and thighs D) Arms and shoulders

abdomen

What fraction of the day's energy expenditure of the average person is represented by the basal metabolism? A) About 10% B) About 30% C) About %0% D) About 60%

about 60%

In which group of people are disordered eating and eating disorders more common? A) male and female adolescents B) young adult males C) adolescent and young adult females D) the aged

adolescent and young adult females

Which of the following health risks is NOT associated with obesity? A) congestive heart failure B) metabolic syndrome C) hyperlipidemia D) amenorrhea

amenorrhea

Which factor has the most influence on the body's metabolic rate? A) Age B) Gender C) Amount of fat tissue D) Amount of lean body tissue

amount of lean body tissue

Being underweight is associated with which of the following health risks? A) cancer B) anemia C) diabetes D) heart disease

anemia

BMR is measured when the cellular activity of the body is A) at equilibrium. B) at its highest. C) at its lowest. D) equal to the TEE

at its lowest

All of the following factors influence adaptive thermogenesis except A) stress. B) diet. C) basal metabolism. D) temperature

basal metabolism

The ratio of fat tissue to lean body mass is referred to as A) body mass. B) body composition. C) physical stature. D) physical composition

body composition

An index of a person's weight in relation to the height is called ____. A) body mass index B) height to weight index C) ideal body weight index D) desirable body weight index

body mass index

Lean body mass includes all of the following except A) bones. B) muscle. C) water. D) fat

fat

What causes those who suffer from anorexia nervosa to control their food intake? A) intense distaste for healthy foods B) loss of appetite C) a busy lifestyle D) intense fear of becoming overweight

intense fear of becoming overweight

The body reaches a state of the energy balance when A) lean muscle mass equals essential fat levels. B) no more than 3,500 kcal extra are consumed weekly. C) kilocalories consumed equals kilocalories expended by BMR and physical activity. D) TDEE and BMR are equal

kilocalories consumed equals kilocalories expended