Chapter 14 SmartBook

What conclusions can we draw from trait theory? Traits are either positive or negative, and good leaders should only have positive traits. A global mindset is an increasingly valued task-oriented trait. Organizations may want to consider personality and trait assessments in their selection and evaluation processes. Confidence in one's ability to influence others is seen as a major deficit in leaders. The implications of leadership traits cannot be ignored. The positive and "dark triad" traits suggest the qualities you should cultivate and avoid.

A global mindset is an increasingly valued task-oriented trait. Organizations may want to consider personality and trait assessments in their selection and evaluation processes. The implications of leadership traits cannot be ignored. The positive and "dark triad" traits suggest the qualities you should cultivate and avoid.

Which approach to leadership attempts to determine the actions and behaviors that effective leaders engage in when interacting with others? Contingency Trait-centered Full-range Behavioral

Behavioral

In what ways do transformational leaders inspire trust in their followers? (Choose every correct answer.) Refusing to make sacrifices Being consistent Being persistent Changing their values to suit others

Being consistent Being persistent

A manager who tells his subordinate, "Do it or else pay the consequences" is demonstrating what kind of power? Coercive Legitimate Referent Expert

Coercive

Which of the following are common types of power used by leaders within an organization? (Choose every correct answer.) Coercive Hostile External Legitimate Reward

Coercive Legitimate Reward

What are some of the basic skills needed by leaders? (Choose every correct answer.) Conceptual skills Interpersonal skills Business skills Cognitive abilities Performance abilities Soft skills

Conceptual skills Interpersonal skills Business skills Cognitive abilities

Which core influence tactic tends to work better than a legitimating tactic? Consultation Foundation Ingratiation Maturation

Consultation

Which approach to leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on the situation at hand? Full-range Servant Contingency Transactional

Contingency

Which of the following are aspects of considerate leader behavior? (Choose every correct answer.) Creates mutual respect Positions the leader as the most important Encourages identification with the team Promotes social interactions Emphasizes tasks over people

Creates mutual respect Encourages identification with the team Promotes social interactions

Which of the following are common task-oriented traits of leaders? (Choose every correct answer.) Emotional stability Intelligence Conscientiousness Negative affect

Emotional stability Intelligence Conscientiousness

How do transformational leaders encourage growth among subordinates? (Choose every correct answer.) Work too challenging to handle Less responsibility Empowerment One-on-one mentoring

Empowerment One-on-one mentoring

Mike half-jokingly calls Deb the "tax goddess" at work because she knows more about the tax implications of investments than anyone else in the office. What kind of power does Deb have? Reward Expert Legitimate Coercive

Expert

In addition to emotional intelligence and agreeableness, what is a common positive interpersonal attribute of leaders? Conscientiousness Narcissism Extraversion Machiavellianism

Extraversion

Socialized power occurs when power is directed at helping oneself as a way of achieving one's own selfish ends. True False

False

True or false: House's revised path-goal theory has been tested enough to verify its overall conclusions. True False

False

True or false: Leadership is a narrow term that only refers to formal positions such as CEO and CFO. True False

False

True or false: Task-oriented leaders are best suited to handle all situations. True False

False

True or false: Women executives score lower than men on producing high-quality work. True False

False

Why are women less likely than men to emerge as leaders of organizations? (Choose every correct answer.) Fewer plum assignments are given to women. Women get less international experience. Women are less likely to be included in a company's leadership pipeline. There are far fewer women than men in the workforce.

Fewer plum assignments are given to women. Women get less international experience. Women are less likely to be included in a company's leadership pipeline.

Which leadership approach asserts that leadership behavior varies across a wide number of leadership styles, ranging from take-no-responsibility leadership to transformational leadership? Short-range Full-range Overarching Top-down

Full-range

Which leadership approach suggests that leadership behaviors vary along a continuum of leadership styles, from passive through transactional to transformational? Charismatic Servant Full-range Path-goal

Full-range

In one study, about 70% of women and 50% of men believed that women have to work harder to prove they are worthy of being leaders. What factors were thought to be holding women back? (Choose every correct answer.) Heightened expectations Insufficient ambition Structural barriers Lack of leadership qualities

Heightened expectations Structural barriers

Which of the following are forms of task-oriented leadership behaviors? (Choose every correct answer.) Transformational leadership Initiating-structure leadership Production-centered leadership Charismatic leadership

Initiating-structure leadership Production-centered leadership

Which characteristics are associated with leaders rather than with managers? Putting customers first Being conscientious Inspiring others Being a visionary Being charismatic Managing resources

Inspiring others Being a visionary Being charismatic

What are some of the implications of transformational leadership for managers? (Choose every correct answer.) It takes a shorter time to provide results. It can be used to train employees at any level. It can improve results for both individuals and groups. It requires ethical leadership.

It can be used to train employees at any level. It can improve results for both individuals and groups. It requires ethical leadership.

Jonathan manages a department of 10 people. Once he got to know each of the individual employees, he realized it would be best for him to approach them with projects in different ways. For example, Shaina likes to know the final goal of every project, while Carson only wants the details of his task. Which type of leadership is based on having different relationships with different subordinates? Path-goal selection Leader-member exchange Charismatic inspiration Task-oriented

Leader-member exchange

According to Fiedler's contingency leadership model, which component of situational control is deemed as the most important? Position power Work orientation Task structure Leader-member relations

Leader-member relations

Which implications are offered by House's revised path-goal theory? (Choose every correct answer.) Leaders should develop one style of leadership and master it so that it can be used effectively in any situation. Leaders should modify their style to fit the employee characteristics and situational factors in the leadership situation. Leaders should help employees achieve their goals by clarifying the path to those goals and removing obstacles to achieving them. Effective leaders will possess and likely use more than one style of leadership.

Leaders should modify their style to fit the employee characteristics and situational factors in the leadership situation. Leaders should help employees achieve their goals by clarifying the path to those goals and removing obstacles to achieving them. Effective leaders will possess and likely use more than one style of leadership.

Research demonstrates that transformational leadership yields positive results in several areas, including which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Employee individualism and enhanced workforce identification Leadership effectiveness and employee job satisfaction Levels of intrinsic motivation, group cohesion, and work engagement Measures of organizational effectiveness

Leadership effectiveness and employee job satisfaction Levels of intrinsic motivation, group cohesion, and work engagement Measures of organizational effectiveness

What is defined as the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done while facilitating individual and group efforts to accomplish those goals? Passive leadership Psychological empowerment Managerial leadership Socialized power

Managerial leadership

Which of the following are employee characteristics identified in House's path-goal leadership model? (Choose every correct answer.) Need for achievement Self-efficacy Locus of control Task ability

Need for achievement Locus of control Task ability

Which leadership model holds that an effective leader makes desirable rewards available to workers and increases workers' motivation by clearly outlining the behavior that will help them achieve those goals and rewards? Leader-member exchange (LMX) Path-goal leadership Transformational leadership Contingency leadership

Path-goal leadership

Which leadership model holds that an effective leader makes desirable rewards available to workers and increases workers' motivation by clearly outlining the behavior that will help them achieve those goals and rewards? Path-goal leadership Contingency leadership Leader-member exchange (LMX) Transformational leadership

Path-goal leadership

Which leadership model states that successful leaders help followers by tying meaningful rewards to goal accomplishment, reducing barriers to achieving those goals, and providing subordinates with support? Contingency leadership Servant leadership Path-goal leadership Transformational leadership

Path-goal leadership

What social influences tend to make women less likely to reach leadership positions? (Choose every correct answer.) People form their perceptions about gender norms at a very young age. Resistance to women in leadership positions is so widespread that success is almost impossible. People's attitudes about gender norms are difficult to change. A woman's career is influenced by social attitudes in her place of birth, even if she moves away later.

People form their perceptions about gender norms at a very young age. People's attitudes about gender norms are difficult to change. A woman's career is influenced by social attitudes in her place of birth, even if she moves away later.

What is the term for power directed at helping yourself and furthering your own ends rather than those of others or the organization? Influence Authority Personalized power Socialized power

Personalized power

Deb is frustrated because, although she assigns responsibilities to members of her staff, the human resource director makes any final decisions about staff bonuses. Which aspect of situational control is causing Deb's frustration? Task orientation Position power Task structure Leader-member relations

Position power

Which of the following are relationship-oriented leadership behaviors? (Choose every correct answer.) Providing career advice Acting as a mentor Urging employees to produce as much as possible Empowering employees to make decisions

Providing career advice Acting as a mentor Empowering employees to make decisions

Which of the following are among the nine most common influence tactics? (Choose every correct answer.) Rational persuasion Inspirational appeals Nagging Consultation Premack's principle

Rational persuasion Inspirational appeals Consultation

Brandon has earned the trust and respect of his staff by consistently modeling the positive behaviors he expects from them. What type of power does this describe? Referent Expert Reward Coercive

Referent

What type of leadership is primarily concerned with leaders' interactions with their subordinates and is aimed at enhancing the creation of a positive, nurturing work environment? Relationship-oriented Transactional Task-oriented Job-centered

Relationship-oriented

To be effective, a person employing influence tactics should do which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Practice deception. Rely on the core. Be authentic. Be subtle. Legitimate rather than consult.

Rely on the core. Be authentic. Be subtle.

The phrase "the power of the purse strings," meaning that managers can approve raises and other monetary incentives for employees, describes which type of power? Expert Coercive Referent Reward

Reward

Which leadership approach focuses on providing increased service to others rather than to the leader? Transactional Servant Leader-member exchange Charismatic

Servant

According to Fiedler's contingency leadership model, the amount of influence a manager has in the immediate work environment is known as what? Conditional control Personalized power Socialized power Situational control

Situational control

The employees at the shipping warehouse have a set of routines that they follow every day. Their job is outlined in detail, and the process of fulfilling orders that come in is easily understood. Which aspect of situational control does this represent? Position power Leader-member relations Personalized power Task structure

Task structure

Which of the following best describes the dimension of situational control known as leader-member relations in Fiedler's contingency leadership model? The extent to which tasks are routine, unambiguous, and easily understood The level of personal friendship between the leader and the member The extent to which a leader has or lacks the support, loyalty, and trust of the work group The amount of power a leader has to make work assignments and reward and punish

The extent to which a leader has or lacks the support, loyalty, and trust of the work group

According to the behavioral approaches to leadership, how should companies create effective managers? Select them based on their traits. Create a culture of unquestioning loyalty and rules. Train them on task and relationship management. Impose severe punishments for employee negligence.

Train them on task and relationship management.

Morgan considers Jessica an effective leader because she is intelligent, has high energy, and displays self-confidence. Morgan is characterizing Jessica based on which approach to leadership? Market Transformational Trait Situational

Trait

Tyrone's management style could best be described as the "carrot or the stick" approach. If his subordinates perform to expectations, he will reward them; if their performance falls short of expectations, he will punish them. Which leadership style does this describe? Transactional Cognitive Transformational Charismatic

Transactional

What type of leader excites passion, inspiring and empowering people to look beyond their own self-interest? Situational Servant Transactional Transformational

Transformational

What type of leaders use inspirational motivation, idealized influence, individual consideration, and intellectual stimulation to pursue organizational goals? Transitional Transnational Transformational Transactional

Transformational

Which type of leader transforms employees to pursue organizational goals over self-interest? Transformational Leader-member exchange Charismatic Transactional

Transformational

True or false: According to the leader-member exchange model (LMX), a leader has different relationships with different subordinates. True False

True

Which are accurate statements concerning women and leadership? (Choose every correct answer.) Women generally use a more participative style than men. Women display more task leadership than men. Women are motivated more by self-interest than what they can do for the company. Women are more likely to use transformational leadership behaviors.

Women generally use a more participative style than men. Women are more likely to use transformational leadership behaviors.

In which ways do interpersonal skills help leaders in being effective? Working with diverse groups of people Influencing others Identifying systemic problems Organizing and planning

Working with diverse groups of people Influencing others

The right to perform or command that comes with a supervisor's job is ______. authority power leadership influence

authority

The right to perform or command that comes with a supervisor's job is ______. influence power leadership authority

authority

Conrad and his wife, Olivia, are both managers at different companies. While Conrad prefers to allow his team to make decisions and come up with their own processes for completing tasks, Olivia prefers to tell her staff how to approach a project and who should be responsible for what. Each has a unique style, and both are effective. They both demonstrate the ______ leadership approach. transactional task behavioral servant

behavioral

A leader who displays an interpersonal attraction that inspires acceptance and support and is better able to persuade others is demonstrating _______. charisma empathy dissonance threats

charisma

"Let me share a vision that transcends us all" is the message of a(n) ______ leader. egalitarian charismatic universal passive

charismatic

Steve docks an employee's pay when he comes in late for work for the second time in a week. Steve is demonstrating ______ power. expert reward coercive referent

coercive

Leader behavior that is focused primarily on group members' needs and desires and is directed at creating mutual respect or trust is referred to as ______ leader behavior. consideration job centered initiating structure directive

consideration

Fiedler's ______ leadership model is determined by whether a leader's style is task-oriented or relationship-oriented and if that style is effective for the situation at hand. transformational contingency goal-setting transactional

contingency

The situational approach to leadership is also known as the _____ approach. behavioral public contingency personal

contingency

The path-goal theory of leadership identified two contingency factors that cause some leadership behaviors to be more effective than others: environmental factors and ______. employee characteristics position power leader-member relations situational control

employee characteristics

Power that results from one's specialized information or expertise is ______ power. expert reward referent legitimate

expert

Trina is the "go-to gal" when anyone in the office has problems with the computer system. She knows more about the system than anyone else, and no matter what the problem is, she can fix it. Trina has ______ power. reward legitimate expert referent

expert

Your belief in your ability to influence people who are unlike you in a global context is called a ______. conceptual skill global mind-set coalition tactic dark triad

global mind-set

Transformational leaders are known for encouraging their subordinates to ______. grow and succeed stay and be complacent learn and leave question and take over

grow and succeed

According to Fiedler's contingency leadership model, situations in which leaders' decisions produce predictable results because they can influence work outcomes are characterized as ______-control situations. restricted high low moderate

high

Although some people view ______ as a weakness, it is actually the belief that something greater than oneself exists. mistrust bias humility authenticity

humility

Within the LMX model of leadership, ______ exchange refers to the relationship between leader and follower, which is viewed as a partnership characterized by mutual trust and a common fate. out-group in-group sub-group intra-group

in-group

Conscious efforts to affect and change behaviors in others are known as ______ tactics. influence behavioral power change

influence

The leadership aspect of managerial leaders is to ______, while the management part is to ______. punish; coerce facilitate; influence coerce; punish influence; facilitate

influence; facilitate

A manager who exhibits ______ leadership behavior will pay more attention to production costs than employee morale. employee-centered initiating-structure transformational charismatic

initiating-structure

Leaders who exhibit ______ leadership behavior focus on clarifying tasks and setting goals to maximize output and efficiency. value-based initiating-structure consideration relationship-oriented

initiating-structure

An organization's vision and strategic plan is created by ______ and then implemented by ______. managers; leaders supervisors; nonsupervisory employees leaders; managers managers; supervisors

leaders; managers

The ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals is referred to as: leadership. control. power. management.

leadership.

As shift supervisor, Cassandra developed the schedule for the day, indicating which of her staff would be doing which job. The staff follows this schedule because of Cassandra's ______ power. legitimate expert referent reward

legitimate

The type of power that all managers have that results from their formal position within the organization is called ______ power. legitimate recency coercive contingent

legitimate

The type of power that all managers have that results from their formal position within the organization is called ______ power. recency coercive legitimate contingent

legitimate

A ______-control situation is one in which a leader's decisions cannot produce predictable results because he or she cannot really influence outcomes. moderate no low high

low

Transformational leaders have high ethical standards and also ______. will pursue a goal with no care for the consequences make sacrifices for the greater good know when to be unethical are easily distracted by other tasks

make sacrifices for the greater good

Richard's use of power is directed toward helping himself rather than helping others. This is an example of ______ power. contingent reward socialized personalized

personalized

Within situational control, the power to make work assignments and reward and punish is called ______ power. referent position incentive expert

position

Legitimate, reward, coercive, expert, and referent are five sources of _____ that leaders may draw on. punishment power authority reinforcement

power

The ability to gather human, informational, and other resources to get something done is ______. authority power leadership status

power

Jon's employees have a lot of personal respect and admiration for him. As a result, they are very loyal to him. This is an example of ______ power. expert reward referent legitimate

referent

At the completion of a long project, Aileen gives her assistant a day off with pay to acknowledge all of his hard work. This is an example of ______ power. coercive expert referent reward

reward

Power that results from managers' authority to give subordinates bonuses or other incentives for doing a good job is ______ power. coercive reward legitimate referent

reward

Proponents of the ______ approach to leadership believe that the most effective leadership behavior depends on the circumstances at hand. situational transactional servant transformational

situational

How women are viewed in the workplace and their fewer opportunities for leadership are mostly based on ______. social forces their own performance scientific facts education levels

social forces

Power directed at helping others, as opposed to helping oneself, is known as ______ power. socialized legitimate coercive expert

socialized

According to Fiedler, the dimension of situational control referred to as task ______ is the extent to which subordinates perform unambiguous, easily understood, routine tasks. rigidity definition structure power

structure

Leaders who focus on ______ leadership behaviors attempt to ensure that people, equipment, and other resources are used efficiently and effectively to accomplish the organization's mission. task-oriented delegative behavior-oriented participative

task-oriented

Attempts to identify distinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leaders are called the ______ approaches to leadership. behavioral trait contingency full-range

trait

Candidates for the management development program at GenCo Enterprises must first complete a personality assessment to determine their suitability for a leadership role. Based on this, it would appear that GenCo believes in the ______ approach to leadership. contingency trait transformational market

trait

Question Mode Multiple Choice Question Leadership that focuses on clarifying employees' roles, explaining task requirements, and providing rewards or punishments based on performance is called ______ leadership. transactional empowerment consideration initiating-structure

transactional

Transactional leaders try to get people to do ordinary things, while ______ leaders attempt to get people to do exceptional things. relational transformational reactional transnational

transformational