Chapter 14 Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood
Parents who live vicariously through their children and who report a decline in marital satisfaction when their children leave the home are experiencing
empty nest syndrome.
Paul Costa and Robert McCrae conducted the ______ Study, which uses the Big Five factors of personality to track adult personality development.
Baltimore
Why are middle-aged adults sometimes described as the "sandwich" generation?
Because they must care for their adolescent and young adult children as well as their aging parents
Which of the following is NOT a belief attributed to the contemporary life-events approach?
The stress of life events alone influences a person's development.
When parents experience a sharp drop in marital satisfaction after adult children leave the home, this is known as ___ ___ syndrome.
empty nest
The big five factors of personality can be condensed into the acronym OCEAN. It includes all of the following personality factors, EXCEPT ______.
excitability
In general, high scores on the Big Five factor of ______ are associated with less optimal life outcomes.
neuroticism
Having a positive outlook on life and minimizing problems is known as ___.
optimism
According to Levinson, what are the two major tasks to be mastered in early adulthood?
-Developing a stable life structure -Exploring the possibilities for adult living
Because many middle-aged adults today are responsible for their children as well as for their aging parents, what names are given to this generation?
-Squeezed -Sandwich -Overload
Which of the following statements about grandparenting and longevity are TRUE?
-The current trend in delaying childbearing is likely to offset the increasing longevity of grandparents somewhat. -In 1900, only 4% of 10-year-olds had four living grandparents. -In 2000, 40% of 10-year-olds had four living grandparents.
Which of the following are part of the Big Five factors of personality? Select all that apply:
-agreeableness -extraversion -openness
According to Erikson, which of the following are ways in which middle-aged adults can develop generativity?
-biological generativity -cultural generativity -work generativity
Which of the following responses to stress are more common among men than women?
-drinking -isolating themselves -trying to solve the problem themselves
Research has shown that having an optimistic outlook on life is generally associated with which of the following?
-greater relationship satisfaction -longer life -better physical health
In middle adulthood, affectionate or companionate love increases. This form of love includes which of the following qualities?
-loyalty -mutual emotional interest -security
According to Levinson, which of the following ages most closely corresponds to the point in adulthood when a person enters the phase of Becoming One's Own Man (BOOM)?
39
By 2020, experts project that _____ percent of children at 30 years of age will still have living grandparents.
80
According to recent research, which of the Big Five factors of personality showed a continuous increase from early adulthood to late adulthood?
Conscientiousness
According to Levinson, a person between the ages of 28 and 33 is faced with which of the following tasks?
Determining life goals
What was the name of Daniel Levinson's report on his extensive interviews with middle-aged men?
The Seasons of a Man's Life
According to Erikson, what causes people to feel stagnation in life?
When they believe they have done nothing for the next generation
Research indicates that personality ______ throughout adulthood, but there is greater ______ in personality during middle adulthood.
changes; stability
The majority of sibling relationships in middle adulthood can be described as ______.
close
Romantic love tends to be stronger in early adulthood, while ______ love tends to be stronger in middle adulthood.
companionate
Seasons of a Man's Life by Daniel Levinson was based upon the results of ______.
extensive interviews with 40 middle-aged men
When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a ______ pattern, while women are more likely to respond in a ______ pattern.
fight or flight; tend and befriend
According to Erikson,___ occurs in middle adulthood and encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves.
generativity
Forty year old Maritska wishes to establish a pediatric AIDS foundation overseas. According to Erikson, she is focused on establishing a sense of ___.
generativity
Parenting, teaching, and involvement in the community are examples of how middle-aged adults can develop ___ , according to Erikson. Listen to the complete question
generativity
When adults work to leave a legacy of themselves to the next generation, they are working toward ______.
generativity
The Baltimore Study by Costa and McCrae assessed ______ in adulthood.
personality
Jacob, who is 45, has amassed a lot of wealth but has not done anything to benefit the next generation. According to Erikson, he may be in a state of ___.
stagnation
ccording to Erikson, ___ develops when middle-aged adults sense they have not done anything for the next generation.
stagnation
The process by which, over time, people become more adept at interacting with the environment and in ways that promote increased stability in personality can be described as ______.
the cumulative personality model
Olivia is a 19-year-old college student who hopes to be a physician's assistant in a large medical facility. She plans to be married and have two children by the time she turns 30. Levinson would call this ______.
the dream
The contemporary life-events approach takes into account all of the following, except ______.
the stability of one's personality over time
True or false: It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood.
true