Chapter 14 Somatic Nervous System

The range of human hearing is about A. 20-20,000 vibrations per second. B. 2-2,000 vibrations per second. C. 2,000-200,000 vibrations per second. D. 2,000-3,000 vibrations per second.

A. 20-20,000 vibrations per second

Otosclerosis affects the A. auditory ossicles. B. tympanic membrane. C. cochlea. D. auditory nerve.

A. auditory ossicles

Sensory receptors include A. baroreceptors B. motor neurons C. interneurons D. Schwann cells

A. baroreceptors

Temperature senses use two types of A. free nerve endings B. tactile corpuscles C. chemoreceptors D. proprioceptors

A. free nerve endings

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following: The malleus (hammer) is indicated by ________. A. Label E B. Label J C. Label F D. Label C E. Label A

A. label E

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (eustachian) tube to the ________. A. middle ear B. outer ear C. eardrum D. semicircular canals E. inner ear

A. middle ear

Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the ________. A. optic chiasma B. optic radiation C. optic tracts D. convergence

A. optic chiasma

A pole vaulter keeps track of his position in mid-air through A. proprioceptors. B. baroreceptors. C. pain receptors. D. lamellated corpuscles

A. proprioceptors

Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the ________. A. tympanic membrane B. ossicles C. pinna D. oval window E. auricle

A. tympanic membrane

Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged? A. tympanic membrane (eardrum) B. semicircular canals C. cupula D. vestibular nerve E. vestibule

A. tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Jenny slurps up a plate of beef lo mein at a Chinese restaurant. "That tastes great, but I can't quite describe it." What type of taste sensation is she experiencing? A. Umami B. Pepper C. Paprika D. Starch

A. umami

Which cranial nerve transmits both hearing and equilibrium information to the brain? A. vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) B. abducens (VI) C. trigeminal (V) D. trochlear (IV) E. oculomotor (III)

A. vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

The gel-like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ________. A. vitreous humor (body) B. aqueous humor C. lens D. cornea

A. vitreous humor (body)

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the ________. A. choroid B. conjunctiva C. sclera D. cornea E. retina

D. cornea

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following: The cochlea is indicated by ________. A. Label I B. Label A C. Label G D. Label B E. Label E

D. label B

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following: The tympanic membrane is indicated by ________. A. Label D B. Label H C. Label J D. Label I E. Label F

D. label I

What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball? A. mammary B. tarsal C. ceruminous D. lacrimal E. sweat

D. lacrimal gland

Treatment for a cataract is usually removal of the A. vitreous humor. B. cornea. C. sclera. D. lens.

D. lens

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________. A. astigmatism B. hyperopia C. emmetropia D. myopia E. presbyopia

D. myopia

Another name for pain receptors is A. mechanoreceptors B. lamellated corpuscles C. tactile corpuscles D. nociceptors

D. nociceptors

What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell? A. static equilibrium receptor B. photoreceptor C. dynamic equilibrium receptor D. olfactory receptor

D. olfactory receptor

The small, peg-like projections of the tongue's surface are called ________. A. otoliths B. basal cells C. maculae D. papillae

D. papillae

What part of the retina absorbs light and prevents it from scattering inside the eye? A. photoreceptors B. choroid C. vascular layer D. pigmented epithelium layer E. neural layer

D. pigmented epithelium layer

Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye? A. Choroid coat B. Cornea C. Sclera D. Retina

D. retina

What hearing disorder arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain? A. Méniére's disease B. otosclerosis C. conduction deafness D. sensorineural deafness

D. sensorineural deafness

The ability to ignore your socks around your ankles demonstrates A. interpretive assimilation. B. receptor integration. C. general adaptation. D. sensory adaptation.

D. sensory adaptation

Lorelei thinks of the days of the week and months of the year as particular colors. She has A. too few synapses in her hypothalamus. B. a deficiency of neurons in her visual cortex. C. neuropathy. D. synesthesia.

D. synesthesia

The taste sensation that amino acids such as glutamic acid cause is A. bitter. B. salty. C. sour. D. umami.

D. umami

A person with total color blindness may lack ________. A. optic disc (blind spot) B. hair cells C. olfactory cells D. rods E. cones

E. cones

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following: The semicircular canals are indicated by ________. A. Label B B. Label J C. Label E D. Label A E. Label C

E. label C

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following: The stapes (stirrup) is indicated by ________. A. Label A B. Label F C. Label E D. Label I E. Label H

E. label H

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ________. A. auricle B. oval window C. ossicles D. external acoustic meatus (auditory tube) E. spiral organ of Corti

E. spiral organ of Corti

Identify where the rods are (eyes):

Label B

True/false: Receptors that are stimulated by changes in chemical concentrations are called thermoreceptors.

false

True/false: The auditory ossicles are in the inner ear.

false

True/false: The taste of food is the same, whether a person has a respiratory infection or not.

false

True/false: The utricle and saccule contain the sensory receptors associated with the sense of dynamic equilibrium.

false

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following: The eustachian (auditory) tube is indicated by ________.

label A

Identify where the semicircular canals are located.

label B

Using Figure 13.4, match the following: Bipolar cells.

label C

Using Figure 13.5, match the following: Contains only cones; provides detailed color vision.

label D

Using Figure 13.7, match the following: Cochlea

label D

Using Figure 13.4, match the following: Ganglion cells.

label E

Using Figure 13.7, match the following: Tympanic membrane.

label E

Match the following taste sensations: 1. umami receptors 2. bitter receptors 3. sweet receptors 1. sugar, saccharine 2. amino acid glutamate 3. alkaloids

sweet receptors: sugar, saccharine umami receptors: amino acid glutamate bitter receptors: alkaloids

True/false: Colorblindness is inherited.

true

True/false: Impulses from the spiral organ travel on the vestibulocochlear nerve.

true

True/false: Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but cones are important for color vision.

true

True/false: Stretching of tissues can cause pain sensations to arise from visceral organs.

true

True/false: Tears contain an enzyme that reduces the risk of eye infection.

true

What is the ability of the eye to focus on close objects? A. binocular vision B. accommodation C. refraction D. inversion

B. accommodation

You try eggplants for the first time and notice a very bitter taste. Which of the following are you most likely tasting in the eggplant? A. acids B. alkaloids C. inorganic salts D. carbohydrates

B. alkaloids

Hearing aids would be most useful for a person with ________. A. otitis media B. conduction deafness C. vertigo D. sensorineural deafness E. presbycusis

B. conduction deafness

A young man is cleaning his ear by sliding a cotton swab into the external acoustic meatus as far as he can. He is met with some resistance and, thinking the swab has hitearwax, he pushes harder. He feels a sharp, extreme pain. After the initial shock, henotices that all he can hear from that ear is a constant ringing and nothing else. What damage has he most likely done to the ear? A. He has pushed and torn the oval window. B. He has pushed and torn the tympanic membrane. C. He pushed and damaged the stapes. D. He has broken the skin of the external acoustic meatus and the blood is causing the ringing.

B. he has pushed and damaged the stapes

Receptors for the special senses are found A. in internal organs. B. primarily in the head. C. in the fingertips. D. throughout the integumentary system.

B. primarily in the head

The ability to ignore your socks around your ankles demonstrates A. receptor integration. B. sensory adaptation. C. interpretive assimilation. D. general adaptation.

B. sensory adaptation

Anosmia is loss of A. taste. B. smell. C. hearing. D. vision.

B. smell

What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear? A. auricle (pinna) B. tympanic membrane (ear drum) C. cochlea D. vestibule

B. tympanic membrane (ear drum)

The taste sensation that amino acids such as glutamic acid cause is A. sour B. umami C. bitter D. salty

B. umami

As a result of the tympanic reflex, A. the malleus is pulled toward the eardrum. B. vibrations are transmitted less effectively to the inner ear. C. vibrations are transmitted more effectively to the inner ear. D. the bridge of auditory ossicles becomes less rigid.

B. vibrations are transmitted less effectively to the inner ear

Receptors for the general senses are found A. throughout the visceral organs. B. widely distributed throughout the body. C. in a few clusters. D. only in the integumentary system.

B. widely distributed throughout the body

Olfactory receptors, which provide the sense of smell, are A. thermoreceptors. B. mechanoreceptors. C. chemoreceptors. D. proprioceptors.

C. chemoreceptors

Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males? A. conjunctivitis B. night blindness C. color blindness D. glaucoma E. cataracts

C. color blindness

Temperature senses use two types of A. tactile corpuscles. B. proprioceptors. C. free nerve endings. D. chemoreceptors.

C. free nerve endings

Stereoscopic vision results when the A. images in both eyes are identical. B. rods of one eye are stimulated and the cones of the other eye are stimulated. C. images in the eyes are different. D. brain interprets the images in two dimensions.

C. images in the eyes are different

The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ________. A. pupil B. cornea C. lens D. iris

C. lens

Treatment for a cataract is usually removal of the A. cornea B. vitreous humor C. lens D. sclera

C. lens

Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ________. A. sound waves traveling through the cochlea B. transmission of light through the lens C. movement of otoliths along hair cells D. stimulation of hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti E. vibration of the tympanic membrane

C. movement of otoliths along hair cells

Receptors for the special senses are found A. in the fingertips. B. in internal organs. C. primarily in the head. D. throughout the integumentary system.

C. primarily in the head

A pole vaulter keeps track of his position in mid-air through A. lamellated corpuscles. B. pain receptors. C. proprioceptors. D. baroreceptors.

C. proprioceptors

Which of the following is not a primary taste sensation? A. sweet B. sour C. pungent D. salty

C. pungent

A young person loves going to music concerts and frequently stands as close to the stage as they can. They never wear earplugs or any protective earwear. After years of concerts, they become hard-of-hearing and can no longer hear quiet sounds or low talking. What has happened to the concert-goer? A. Their tympanic membrane has hardened from loud sounds. B. They must have used the antibiotic drug streptomycin at the same time as the loud music, which weakened their ear structures and caused them to rupture. C. Their hair cells are permanently damaged and desensitized to loud sounds. D. The sound vibrations have caused a tumor to develop in their brain, which puts pressure on the vestibulocochlear nerve.

C. their hair cells are permanently damaged and desensitized to loud sounds

Match the following terms with the correct definition: 1. Abducens 2. Vestibulocochlear 3. Olfactory 1. Serves the senses of hearing and equilibrium. 2. Receptors located in epithelium of the nasal cavity. 3. Turns the eyeball laterally.

abducens: turns the eyeball laterally vestibulocochlear: serves the senses of hearing and equilibrium olfactory: receptors located in epithelium of the nasal cavity

Match the following descriptions to their appropriate eye structure: 1. cones 2. sclera 3. lacrimal gland 1. "white of the eye" 2. gland that releases tears 3. type of photoreceptor cell that detects colors

cones: type of photoreceptor cell that detects colors sclera: "white of the eye" lacrimal gland: gland that releases tears

Match the following eye disorders with their descriptions: 1. Conjunctivitis 2. Color blindness 3. Glaucoma 1. Increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possible blindness 2. Inflammation of the conjunctiva 3. Most common form is the lack of red or green cone receptors

conjunctivitis: inflammation of the conjunctiva color blindness: most common form is the lack of red or green cone receptors glaucoma: increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possibly blindness