Chapter 14 Test Or

regular handwashing, antiseptic hand washing, antiseptic hand rubs

CDC recommendations for hand hygene

plague

Caused by bacteria called Yersinia pestis

exogenous

Disease originates outside the body

endogenous

Disease originates within the body

filoviruses

Ebola and Marburg viruses are examples

Chain of Infection

Factors that must be present for disease to occur

pathogen

Germ-or disease-producing microorganism

Nonpathogens are already in your body and are beneficial, Pathogens cause infection and disease

How do nonpathogens differ from pathogens?

1.) produce poison 2.) when a pathogen in one body system enters a different body system

Identify (2) ways pathogenic organisms can cuase infection and disease

a. viruses b. rickettsiae c. protozoa d. fungi e. rickettsiae f. bacteria g. viruses h. fungi

Identify the class of microorganisms described by the following statements. a. smallest microorganisms b. parasitic microorganisms c. one-celled animal organisms found in decayed materials and contaminated water d. plantlike organisms that live on dead organic matter e. microorganisms that live on fleas, lice, ticks, and mites f. cause diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis g. cause diseases such as measels and mumps h. cause diseases such as ringworm and athlete's foot

a. bacilli b. vibrio c. streptococci d. sprilla e. staphylococci

Identify the following shapes of bacteria. a. rod shaped: b. comma shaped: c. round or spherical arranged in a chain: d. spiral or corkscrew: e. round or spherical arranged in clusters:

anaerobic

Organisms that live and reproduce in the absence of oxygen.

aerobic

Organisms that require oxygen to live

fungi

Plantlike organisms that live on dead organic matter.

sterilization

Process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses.

disinfection

Process that destroys or kills pathogens

antiseptic

Process that inhibits or prevents the growth of pathogenic organsims

6-10 cleanings

after how many cleanings with hand rub should you wash your hands with soap and water?

filoviruses

an infectious disease that causes hemorrhagic fever

tularemia

bacteria commonly found in animals such as rats, rabbits, and insects

sterilization (ex. autoclave)

destroys all microorganisms (give ex.)

anthrax

grazing animals eat contaminated soil and become infected with this

blood and other bodily fluids

how are pathogens spread?

600,000 to 800,000

how many needlestick accidents does the CDC estimate happens each year?

anthrax

humans can contact this by eating undercooked or raw infected meat

tularemia

infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Francisella tularensis

disinfection

kills germs on surfaces

botulism

must be treated with antitoxin or paralysis spreads to the respiratory muscles and causes death

filoviruses

no effective treatment, so 50 to 90 percent of infected individuals die

antisepsis (bedodine, 70% alchohol)

prevents growth of pathogens (give ex.)

anthrax

spores of bacteria called Bacillus antracis

plague

usually transmitted by the bite of infected fleas

smallpox

vaccinations against this were no longer required after many years with no reported cases

make sure to clean, no artifical nails, real nails need to be kept short

what are some points about fingernails?

soap, warm water, friction, all surfaces, fingertips pointed downward, dry towels to turn on and off the faucet

what are some points to observe when washing your hands?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

what does CDC stand for?

handwashing

what is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection?

handwashing

what is the most important method to used to practice aseptic technique?

if the hands are no visibly soiled with blood or body fluids, apply to all surfaces of the hands, rub until dry-approx 15 seconds

when can antiseptic hand rubs be used?

before invasive procedures, critical care unit, specific organisms with precautions, special circumstances control program of a health care facility

when is antiseptic hand washing used?

soap and water if hands are visibly soiled

when is regular hand washing used?

antiseptic

Absence of pathogens

a. West Nile Virus b. H5N1 c. SARS d. Monkey - Pox e. Ebola f. HIV g. hepatitis B

Identify the following viruses: a. mosquito-borne flavivirus b. virus that causes avian or bird flu c. variant of the coronavirus that can lead to respieratory failure and death d. virus affecting monekys, other primates, and rodents e. viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever f. virus that causes AIDS g. virus that affects the liver and can lead to destruction and scarring of liver cells

a. Mode of transmission b. Portal of entry c. susceptible host d. mode of transmission e. mode of transmission f. causative agent

Identify the part(s) of the chain of infection that has been eliminated by the following actions a. thorough washing of the hands b. intact unbroken skin c. healthy, well-rested individual d. cleaning and sterilizing a blood-covered instrument e. spraying to destroy mosquitoes f. rapid, accurate identification of organisms

Military, 1st responders, police, fire department, and health care personnel

If mass immunization is required for a sepcific disease, who should be vaccinated first?

nonsocomial

Infections acquired in a health care facility

handwashing, good personal hygene, use of disposable gloves, cleaning equipment and machinery

List four (4) common aseptic techniques

develop a control plan, identify all employees with exposure, provide HBV virus shot, personal protective equipment (PPE), handwashing facilities, ensure worksite is clean and sanitary, no eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, or lip balm, handling contact lenses, mouth pipetting or suctioning in any area with blood or body fluid, sharps container, post signs where there is occupational exposure, provide confidential medial evaluation for any employee that has had an exposure incident, provide training about the regulations

List the OSHA regulations for bloodborne pathogens

1. warm enviroment 2. darkness 3. food and moisture

List three (3) things needed for microorganisms to grow and reproduce

1. staphylococci 2. pseudomonas 3. enterococci

Name three (3) common examples of nonsocomial infections

protozoa

One-celled animal organisms found in decayed materials and conatminated water

bacteria

One-celled plantlike organisms that multiply rapidly

Gloves must be changed after contact with each patient, When removing gloves, do not contaminate your skin, Hands must be washed immediately after removal of gloves, Gloves must not be reused

Rules on gloves

microorganism

Small living plant or animal organism not visible to naked eye

viruses

Smallest microorganisms

smallpox

Variola virus that causes a highly infectious disease

1. inexpensive and readily available 2. speads easily through air, food, and water 3. survives sunlight, drying, and heat 4. causes death or severe disability 5. easily transmitted from person to person 6. difficult to prevent or has no cure

What are the six(6) characteristics of the "ideal" microorganism to use for bioterroist acts?

Infection Conrol programs are used

What do health care facilities do to prevent and deal with nosocomial infections?

Occupational Safety and Health Administrative establsihed the Bloodborne Pathogen Standards

What does OSHA stand for and what did they establish?

Requires them to offer hepatitis B vaccine to every health care employee

What does federal law require of employers in regard to the hepatitis B vaccine?

requires the development of a comprehensive plan against bioterroism to increase security in the U.S.

What does the Bioterroism Act of 2002 require?

the use of microorganisms or biologic agents as weapons to infect humans, animals, or plants

What is bioterrorism?

endogenous is already in your body and exogenous is outside of your body

What is the difference between an endogenous disease and an exogenous disease?

Chain of Infection

What must be broken to prevent the spread of pathogens and disease?

contact with blood, bodily fluids, mucous membranes,

When should you wear Gloves

Any situation where you might come in contact with Blood or any fluid that contains blood Body fluids, secretions, and excretions Mucous membranes Nonintact skin Tissue or cell specimens

When to Use Standard Precautions

so information is transmitted quickly and efficiently

Why is it important to have effective communication methods when dealing with bioterroism?

botulism

a paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin