Chapter 14: The Civil War

Elizabeth "Crazy Bet" Van Lew

Spied on the confederacy and acted as a nurse for union soldiers in prison

"Committee of Thirteen"

- 13 members on congress who were forced to try and solve the issue of states succeeding from the Union - Included: Stephen Douglas, William Seward, Robert Toombs, and John Crittenden

First Confiscation Act

- Allowed contraband (runaway slaves) to be seen as resources to use for war

Confederate Nationalism

- Based on several ideals, mainly on slavery - Shaped by religion because southerners believed it was God's wills.

Fort Sumter

- Fort located in Charleston, SC (located in a succeeded state but was federal property) - SC told soldiers to evacuate from the Fort but they refuesed - April 1861, a Confederate General fired on the fort - The soldiers surrendered and evactuated - Lincoln called for volunteers to fight back at the Confederacy - Importance: The Civil War began and several upper south states joined the Confederacy

Anaconda Plan

- Intended to strangle the Confederacy by cutting off access to coastal ports and inland waterways via a naval blockade. Ground troops would enter the interior. Like a anaconda, they planned to surround and squeeze the Confederacy.

Emancipation Proclamation

- Issued by Lincoln which freed slaves in areas under Confederate control - Exemptions to border states and parts of other states in the Confederacy - Proved vital, shifting the war aims from simple union to emancipation - Hoped to weaken the confederacy - Freed slaves were said to come to armed services of the Union - Convinced many immigrants in northern cities that freed people would soon take heir jobs. - NYC Draft riots

Battle of Antietam

- Lee planned to win a decisive victory against McClellan and end the war - First major battle of the Civil War to occur on Union soil - Bloodiest single day in American history with over 20,000 soldiers killed, wounded, or just missing in 12hrs - Confederate withdrew but it was not a decisive Union victory - Resulted in Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclamation

Whig Economic Package

- Passed by the Republicans in Congress since Southerners were not present to vote against it included: - the Homestead Act - the Land-Grant College Act/Morrill Act - the Pacific Railroad Act

"Copperheads"

- Peaceful democrats that clashed frequently with War democrats and republicans - Were sympathetic to the confederacy

Constitutional Union Party

- Ran by John Bell, the fourth candidate of the election. - The Constitutional Unionists, comprised of former Whigs who teamed up with some Southern Democrats. - They made it their mission to avoid the specter of secession while doing little else to address the issues tearing the country apart.

Jefferson Davis

- Selected as President of the Confederacy States

First South Carolina Volunteers

- Under Thomas Wentworth Higginson - The first regiment of black soldiers

"Peninsular Campaign"

- Union attempt made by McClellan to attack at the peninsula between the York and James Rivers in VA. - McClellan was continuous and overestimated the opposing army - Confederate General Robert Lee forced McClellan to retreat

"Crittenden's Compromise"

- Written by Senator Crittenden - Proposed a series of Constitutional Amendments that guaranteed slavery in southern states and territories, denied the Federal Government interstate slave trad regulatory power, and offered to compensate slave owners of unrecovered fugitive slaves - Proposal failed in the Committee of 13 and the Senate (25 - 23)

Enrollment Act

1st attempt of a draft among the northern population during the Civil War

William Alexander Hammon

Appointed surgeon general for the U.S. fought to regulate dosage of medicines and manage medicine supplies

March to the Sea

Conducted by William Sherman, arrival and capture of Savannah . He went to further places that represented the heart of confederacy

Major General "Stonewall" Jackson

Died during the battle of Chancellors-ville, even though it was a confederate win

Thirteenth Amendment

Drafted by republican to ensure the permanent legal end of slavery. This did not mean the end of racial

"Bread Riots"

Held in confederate cities, mobs led by woman to protest food shortages due to inflation in the South

Confederate States of America

Mississippi first state? - States that left the union

William Tecumseh Sherman

Union commander who implemented hard war strategies. Gained more support for Lincoln because of capture in Atlanta

United States Colored Troops

Were segregated from whites, although more than 180,000 (10% of the Union army) served during the war. Majority remained stationed behind the line as Garrison forces often laboring and performed non combat roles. They endured discrimination and the risk of being sold into slavery. Had to fight for the chance to fight and be treated as equal men. They preformed well and shattered the negative expectations from others.

Appomattox Court House

Where Lee (confederate) surrendered effectively ending major confederate military operations

Rose O'Neal Greenhow

Woman who spent her life efforts in support of the Confederacy. She drowned in a life boat and gave her life to the confederate cause