Chapter 14: The Ocean Floor

Where is subduction taking place in the diagram above? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

1

What is the speed of sound in water? A. 100 meters per second B. 500 meters per second C. 1000 meters per second D. 1500 meters per second

1500 meters per second

Which feature in the diagram, above represents a guyot? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

2

Which feature shown in the diagram above is more extensive in the Atlantic Ocean than the Pacific Ocean? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

2

Which region in this diagram represents the continental shelf? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

2

How much of the world's oil production currently comes from offshore regions? A. 30 percent B. 50 percent C. 10 percent D. 75 percent

30 percent

Which feature in the diagram above represents a rift zone? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

5

Which region in the diagram above is composed of the oceanic crust? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

5

Approximately how much of Earth's surface is covered by water? A. 50 percent B. 70 percent C. 40 percent D. 30 percent

70 percent

In figure 14-2, points B and D on the bottom profile, represents an ocean floor region known as a(n) __ A. abyssal plain B. trench C. continental margin D. mid-ocean ridge

Abyssal plain

Which of the following is the farthest from the shoreline? A. continental shelf B. submarine canyon C. continental rise D. abyssal plain

Abyssal plain

The ocean floor contains mountain ranges, trenches, and flat regions called __

Abyssal plains

Which regions are thought to be the most level places on earth? A. mid-ocean ridges B. abyssal plains C. continental slopes D. deep-ocean trenches

Abyssal plains

Which of the following occurs at the continental margin in the Pacific Ocean? A. earthquakes B. plate interactions C. volcanic activity D. all of the above

All of the above

Which of these sciences does oceanography contain? A. biology B. physics C. chemistry D. all of these

All of these

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the four major oceans? A. Pacific B. Indian C. Atlantic D. Antarctic

Antarctic

Which ocean has the most extensive abyssal plains? A. atlantic B. pacific C. indian D. arctic

Atlantic

Most gas hydrates form when which of the following occurs? A. bacteria break down organic matter trapped in ocean-floor sediments B. pressure from overlying rock transforms organic matter into liquid form C. minerals crystallize from ocean water D. none of the above

Bacteria break down organic matter trapped in ocean-floor sediments

What do they call measuring the ocean depths and charting the topography of the ocean floor? A. sonar B echo sounding C. bathymetry D. both a and b

Bathymetry

Calcareous ooze is an example of __ A. biogenous sediment B. terrigenous sediment C. hydrogenous sediment D. both terrigenous and biogenous sediment

Biogenous sediment

The three types of ocean floor sediments include terrigenous , __ , and __

Biogenous, hydrogenous

Which of the following can submersibles for? A. collect data about areas of the ocean that were previously unreachable by humans B. map the ocean surface from space C. remain underwater for long periods of time D. both a and c

Both a and c

Which of the following is NOT a hydrogenous sediment? A. evaporites B. manganese nodules C. calcium carbonates D. calcareous ooze

Calcareous ooze

Which of the following is NOT an energy resource obtained from the ocean? A. gas hydrates B. coal C. oil D. natural gas

Coal

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major regions of the ocean floor?: A. coastal plain B. ocean basin floor C. continental slope D. continental shelf

Coastal plain

Which of the following is NOT an ocean resource? A. silver B. natural gas C. sand D. common table salt

Common table salt

Which of the following is NOT a zone included in the continental margin? A. continental slope B. continental coast C. continental shelf D. continental rise

Continental coast

In figure 14-2, points A and E on the bottom profile, represent an ocean floor region known as a(n) __ A. abyssal plain B. mid-ocean ridge C. trench D. continental margin

Continental margin

The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is called __ A. continental rise B. submarine canyon C. continental slope D. continental shelf

Continental shelf

Important mineral deposits, including large reservoirs of oil and natural gas, are associated with __ A. mid-ocean ridges B. rift zones C. ocean trenches D. continental shelves

Continental shelves

True or False: Calcareous ooze is found at the ocean's greatest depths

False

True or False: Most deep-ocean sediments come from the continental erosion

False

True or False: Radar is often used to determine ocean depths

False

True or False: Submarine canyons are most often found on mid-ocean ridges

False

True or False: The continental slope is the portion of the continental margin closest to the shoreline

False

True or False: The oceans contain about three-fourths of the earth's water

False

True or False: The shoreline marks the boundary between a continent and the ocean floor

False

True or False: The world's oceans contain more than 97 percent of the Earth's mass

False

True or False: Turbidity currents are caused by winds and temperature differences

False

True or False: Underwater continental crust makes up part of the deep ocean basin

False

Manganese nodules are an example of __ A. oil products B. biogenous sediment C. hydrogenous sediment D. terrigenous sediment

Hydrogenous sediment

What type of sediment forms from minerals that crystallize from seawater? A. hydrogenous sediment B. biogenous sediment C. terrigenous sediment D. siliceous ooze

Hydrogenous sediment

Mineral-rich water, heated by newly formed oceanic crust, escapes through cracks in the ocean floor called __ A. hydrothermal vents B. trenches C. nodules D. rifts

Hydrothermal vents

Which of the following is NOT a biogenous sediment? A. phosphate-rich material B. calcareous ooze C. siliceous oose D. manganese nodules

Manganese nodules

In figure 14-2, point C on the bottom profile, represents an ocean floor region known as a(n) __ A. trench B. mid-ocean ridge C. abyssal plain D. continental margin

Mid-ocean ridge

In figure 14-2, point C represents an ocean floor region known as a(n) __

Mid-ocean ridge

Which of the following associated with mid-ocean ridges? A. rift valleys B. mountainous topography C. extreme temperatures D. volcanic structures

Mountainous topography

Oil and __ are the main energy products currently being obtained from the ocean floor

Natural gas

Sonar is an acronym for sound __ and ranging

Navigation

New __ is formed at mid-ocean ridges as magma rises between diverging plates and cools

Ocean floor

The Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Mexico and the North Sea are all known for their reserves of what ocean resource? A. coal B. oil C. titanium D. diamonds

Oil

The largest of earth's oceans is the __ A. Pacific B. Atlantic C. Indian D. Arctic

Pacific

Which ocean basin has narrow continental margins that have earthquake and volcanic activity? A. Arctic B. Atlantic C. Pacific D. Indian

Pacific

Which ocean contains the greatest number of deep-sea trenches? A. atlantic B. pacific C. indian D. arctic

Pacific

Which ocean has the greatest average depth? A. Indian B. Atlantic C. Pacific D. Arctic

Pacific

Where trenches do not exist, the steep continental slope merges into a more gradual incline known as the continental __ A. rise B. zone C. rift D. abyss

Rise

Which ocean resources are second in economic value to oil? A. iron and natural gas B. evaporate salts C. manganese nodules D. sand and gravel

Sand and gravel

Differences in the ocean-surface height can be measured by __ A. submersibles B. sonar C. satellites D. none of the above

Satellites

Isolated volcanic peaks on the ocean floor are called __ A. nodules B. plateaus C. ridges D. seamounts

Seamounts

Biogenous sediment is made up of __ A. evaporative salts B. minerals from the ocean C. minerals from land D. shells and skeletons of marine organisms

Shells and skeletons of marine organisms

Which type of sediment is made up mainly of the shells of diatoms and radiolarians? A. terrigenous sediment B. hydrogenous C. manganese nodules D. siliceous ooze

Siliceous ooze

What technology do scientists use to measure ocean depth? A. sonar B. rope C. submersible D. laser

Sonar

Sonar is an acronym for __ A. sound navigation and radar B. sound navigation and ranging C. echo sounding D. sending out underwater noise and ringing

Sound navigation and ranging

What is the major environmental concern of DRILLING for oil? A. air pollution B. spills and leaks C. global warming D. running out of oil reserves

Spills and leaks

Deep, steep-sided valleys that originate on the continental slope and may extend to the ocean basin floor are called __ A. trenches B. submarine canyons C. slope canyons D. abyssal plains

Submarine canyons

What type of sediments consists primarily of mineral grains that were eroded from tocks on land? A. calcareous B. biogenous C. hydrogenous D. terrigenous

Terrigenous

__ sediments consist primarily of mineral grains that were eroded from rocks on land

Terrigenous

Sediments derived primarily from the products of weathers on the continents are called __? A. biogenous sediment B. terrigenous sediment C. calcareous sediment D. hydrogenous sediment

Terrigenous sediment

According to figure 14-1, which of the following statements about the distribution of land and water is true? A. The southern hemisphere is covered by much more water than the northern hemisphere B. Earth is covered by more land than water C. The northern hemisphere is covered by much more water than the southern hemisphere D. The percentage of land and water is roughly equal in both the northern and southern hemispheres

The Southern Hemisphere is covered by much more water than Nothern Hemisphere

Which of the following is NOT true about deep ocean trenches? A. they form the deepest parts of the ocean B. they are long and narrow depressions C. they are geologically very stable D. they are sites where plates plunge back into the mantle

They are geologically very stable

Which is one disadvantage of using gas hydrates? A. they are expensive to mine B. they are located in very cold regions C. they rapidly break down at the surface temperatures and pressures D. they are scare

They rapidly break down at the surface temperatures and pressures

Which part of the ocean is deepest? A. trenches B. ridges C. rifts D. seamounts

Trenches

True or False: All of the earth's principal oceans are interconnected

True

True or False: Meteorites contribute to ocean sediments

True

True or False: Mineral deposits called nodules probably formed through precipitation of substances dissolved in ocean water

True

True or False: The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the earth's principal oceans

True

True or False: The coarser sediments of the continental margin are usually found close to shore

True

True or False: The earth is the only known planet with a covering of liquid water

True

True or False: The width of the continental shelf varies depending on its location

True

Which of the following currents is associated with downslope movements of dense sediment-rich water? A. density current B. turbidity current C. longshore current D. avalanche current

Turbidity current

Seamounts are __ A. submarine canyons found near Australia B. only found in the Pacific Ocean C. volcanoes that form on the ocean floor D. a special type of oceanic trench

Volcanoes that form on the ocean floor

Where does seafloor spreading occur? A. on seamounts B. at divergent plates C. at convergent plates D. near the ocean surface

at divergent plates

In figure 14-2, points A and E represent an ocean floor region known as a(n) __

continental margin