Chapter 15

Which program is the largest (and oldest) 12-step program, which views addiction as a physical disease, and recommends members place their trust in a higher power and acknowledge their own powerlessness? Project MATCH Alcoholics Anonymous Twelve-Step therapy Narcotics Anonymous

Alcoholics Anonymous

Of the following people, who is most likely to seek mental health services? Kisha, a 40-year-old African American woman Tatsuya, a 20-year-old Asian American man Nick, a 30-year-old Caucasian American man Amanda, a 30-year-old Caucasian American woman

Amanda, a 30-year-old Caucasian American woman

Which of the following is one of the three core assumptions behind cognitive-behavioral therapies? Cognitions are the key players in both healthy and unhealthy psychological functioning. The therapist must express unconditional positive regard for the feelings the client expresses. The therapist must be an authentic, genuine person and reveal her or his own reactions to what the client communicates. The therapist must relate to clients with empathic understanding.

Cognitions are the key players in both healthy and unhealthy psychological functioning.

Corrado wants help to quit smoking. Which type of therapy has been shown to be helpful for this treatment? Cognitive-behavioral therapy, to learn techniques to modify his behavior and extinguish his undesirable habits Existential therapy, so he can realize that smoking is symbolic of the end we all must face, and that cancer represents the pain of survival Humanist therapy, so he can feel good about the choices he has already made in his life and accept the fact that he is a smoker—a good smoker Psychodynamic therapy, to explore his oral fixation and address the unconscious sexual significance cigarettes have in his life

Cognitive-behavioral therapy, to learn techniques to modify his behavior and extinguish his undesirable habits

Some of the biomedical treatments that may be used in the treatment of severe, resistant depression include ECT, TMS, and __________. GBH DBS LDS ACT

DBS

Which of the following describes a therapy that aims to integrate different or even contradictory aspects of the client's personality into a unified sense of self? psychoanalysis person-centered therapy Gestalt therapy therapeutic relationship therapy

Gestalt therapy

Of the following clients, who is most likely to benefit from psychotherapy? Jules, a woman who experiences anxiety and knows that she may be contributing to her own problems Bethany, a woman who denies that anything is wrong but cannot get out of bed most days due to her depression Alexander, a man who is depressed and thinks that God is out to get him Hector, a man who has schizophrenia and denies that anything is wrong with hearing voices

Jules, a woman who experiences anxiety and knows that she may be contributing to her own problems

Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy? It focuses on interactions between members. Members know they are not alone in struggling with adjustment problems. It's much quicker than any other therapy. It focuses on how a behavior got reinforced so much that it continues.

Members know they are not alone in struggling with adjustment problems.

Which cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on changing both how we think and how we act, encouraging clients to actively dispute their irrational beliefs and adopt more effective responses? REBT DBT CBT ACT

REBT

There are indications that __________, a type of antidepressant, may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts in patients under the age of 18; thankfully, there is no clear evidence that completed suicides increase. SSRIs beta blockers mineral salts benzodiazepines

SSRIs

Which of the following observations is evidence against the claim that all forms of therapy are equally effective? Some percentage of clients are worse-off after therapy, and may be worse off because of psychotherapy. Therapy is an art, not a science, and therefore cannot be measured. Outcome studies report nonsignificant differences between the major forms of psychotherapy. Therapies all cost about the same for a normal course of treatment.

Some percentage of clients are worse-off after therapy, and may be worse off because of psychotherapy.

Which of the following is a sign of a good therapist, rather than a warning sign of a therapist to be avoided? The therapist has a "one size fits all" approach to clients' problems. The therapist offers generalized advice and sketches out what might be a possible treatment plan. The therapist uses scientifically based approaches and discusses the pros and cons of other approaches. The therapist talks a lot about her or his personal life or asks clients for personal favors.

The therapist uses scientifically based approaches and discusses the pros and cons of other approaches.

Because family therapists see most psychological problems as rooted in __________, their focus is on interactions among family members. reactions of family members to the member who is the source of discord a dysfunctional family system a shared genetic heritage certain genetic disadvantages

a dysfunctional family system

Psychotherapy is defined by the authors in your textbook chapter as __________. medical intervention and treatment of carefully defined mental disorders through the application of pharmaceuticals paying someone a lot of money to listen to you talk out loud about your problems an undefined technique applied to unspecified problems with unpredictable outcomes a psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives

a psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives

Which of the following is an example of a "third-wave" approach to cognitive-behavioral therapy? rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) cognitive restructuring and mastery (CRAM) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

Third-wave therapies differ from first-wave therapies (which are behaviorally based) and second-wave therapies (which are cognitively based), because third-wave therapies focus primarily on fostering __________ among clients. critical thinking and skepticism realism and ownership personal responsibility acceptance and mindfulness

acceptance and mindfulness

The Dodo bird verdict is often discussed in regard to evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy. Those who support the Dodo bird view would conclude that all therapies are about equally effective, and any therapy is better than none at all. therapies differ considerably in their ability to bring genuine relief to clients. psychodynamic approaches are more effective than cognitive-behavioral approaches. therapeutic gains are an illusion, like the existence of a Dodo bird.

all therapies are about equally effective, and any therapy is better than none at all.

Drugs commonly used to treat mental disorders fall into the classes of __________, antianxiety, __________, and antidepressant drugs. leptokurtics; platykurtics antipsychotics; mood stabilizers anticonvulsant; antitrophic MAOIs; SSRIs

antipsychotics; mood stabilizers

Maxwell is participating in a therapy that pairs his smoking with an injection of a substance that makes him feel sick to his stomach. The hope is that he will begin to associate the smoking with feeling bad and stop. He is participating in assertiveness training. aversion therapy. token economy therapy. participant modeling therapy.

aversion therapy.

Severin is seeing a therapist to help him stop flying into a rage every time something goes wrong. The therapist and Severin role play a situation where Severin is being criticized by his boss. The therapist helps Severin find ways to communicate his frustration without him expressing rage. This technique is known as movement reprocessing. assertiveness field therapy. behavioral rehearsal. response prevention.

behavioral rehearsal.

Larisa is a young woman who is engaging in treatment for a mental illness. Her doctors have recommended either ECT or TMS. Larisa is most likely suffering from panic disorder. depression. an eating disorder. anxiety.

depression

Psychodynamic therapists work from the assumption that a client's difficulties in the present stem from the repression of traumatic memories from childhood. Research has shown that __________. most people, but not everyone, do repress memories of traumatic events from childhood disturbing events are actually more memorable and less subject to being forgotten than are everyday occurrences the memories of certain events are too disturbing and must be repressed for the average person to maintain daily functioning bringing repressed memories out into the open can cause the client to become retraumatized

disturbing events are actually more memorable and less subject to being forgotten than are everyday occurrences

If a combination of therapy and medicine were shown in numerous high-quality scientific studies to be effective for treating depression, then this combination of therapy and medicine would be considered a(n) operant-verified procedure. empirically supported treatment. primary intervention. recursive therapy.

empirically supported treatment.

Martin and Lewis are having trouble in their relationship. They seem to squabble about money. Martin likes to spend and Lewis does not and their communication patterns on this issue are not very good. In most other ways their relationship is quite solid, and they definitely love and respect one another. What therapeutic approach might be good for them? behavioral therapy for Lewis family therapy behavioral therapy for Martin Gestalt therapy

family therapy

Roberto is participating in therapy to treat his phobia of heights. For hours, he is exposed to pictures looking down from cliffs of varying heights. Roberto is participating in flooding therapy. immersion therapy. psychodynamic therapy. desensitization therapy.

flooding therapy.

Yana is lying on a couch and saying the first thing that pops into her head. Her therapist does not interrupt her, interpret her feelings, or explain what is happening in her mind. Yana is engaging in two-chair. free association. reflection. behavioral assessment.

free association.

Although more research needs to be conducted, the available current research evidence suggests that socioeconomic status and race __________. have little or no bearing on the outcome of therapy each have a slightly different impact on the success of therapy have quite different impacts on the outcome of therapy are important indicators of whether therapy will be successful

have little or no bearing on the outcome of therapy

Although many patients benefit from psychopharmacotherapy, it is important to remember that virtually all medications __________. eventually cease to be effective must be increased over time as the patient's body adapts to the dosage have side effects that must be weighed against potential benefits cause some form of physical or psychological dependence

have side effects that must be weighed against potential benefits

"If I do not get into a good college, I will never be able to get a good job!" wailed Mick to his therapist. "That can really be upsetting; most people would be upset by that experience, and that is a natural feeling to have," replied his therapist. "Can you tell me more about how that makes you feel?" "If I do not get into a good college, my parents will hate me and my girlfriend will dump me!" continued Mick. "It sure would be disappointing to miss a significant goal in your life, but people who truly love you will continue to love you for who you are," Mick's therapist said, soothingly. "This is just my opinion, but I think it is important to remember that you are a person of worth, and that you can aspire to and achieve many things in your life." What general approach to therapy does Mick's therapist seem to be practicing? cognitive-behavioral humanist psychoanalytic primal

humanist

Amahle is going to therapy to resolve some stress-related disorders. She is learning new social skills to work through stress and conflict in her life. Amahle is engaging in Gestalt therapy. interpersonal therapy. humanistic therapy. psychodynamic therapy.

interpersonal therapy.

Contrary to the view promoted by Alcoholics Anonymous, the behavioral view of alcoholism is that rather than being a physical illness, alcoholism is a __________. an opportunity to develop an adaptive social network with others who like to drink heavily learned behavior that is too entrenched to ever be completely conquered learned behavior that is subject to modification and control without total abstinence conditioned behavior that can be reconditioned to sobriety through a token system of rewards

learned behavior that is subject to modification and control without total abstinence

To confirm the consensus that psychotherapy is effective in alleviating human suffering, a statistical method called __________ allowed researchers to seek patterns across large numbers of studies and draw conclusions that hold up across independent laboratories. metapraxis meta-thesis meta-analysis meta-statistics

meta-analysis

Compared to individual therapies, group therapies are generally __________, __________, and __________. more intense; paid by the hour; based on an insight approach less efficient; take longer; more costly run by humanists; based on a family-systems approach; produce longer-lasting change more efficient; time-saving; less costly

more efficient; time-saving; less costly

Listening with empathy and instilling hope in a client are examples of __________ in therapy, whereas challenging irrational beliefs or providing social skills training are example of __________. nonspecific factors; specific factors therapeutic anomalies; therapeutic alliances therapeutic alliances; therapeutic anomalies specific factors; nonspecific factors

nonspecific factors; specific factors

A system in which therapists or institutional staff members provided tokens to clients to reward desired behavior is an example of __________. operant conditioning rational-emotive behavior therapy acquisition therapy aversion therapy

operant conditioning

Which of the following is a technique in which the therapist enacts a problematic situation and then guides the client though the necessary steps to cope with it on her or his own? situational modeling therapeutic modeling participant modeling client modeling

participant modeling

Leonard provides counseling to groups, families, and couples. He also provides support for wellness programs. He does all of this in a spiritual context. Leonard is most likely a mental health counselor. counseling psychologist. pastoral counselor. clinical social worker.

pastoral counselor.

Tecumseh is seeing a therapist who is nondirective in how he counsels his clients. The therapist focuses on the clients' goals and working on ways to solve their own problems. Tecumseh is engaging in psychodynamic therapy. cognitive-behavioral therapy. psychoanalysis. person-centered therapy.

person-centered therapy.

There are many types of humanistic therapies, but they share an emphasis on insight, self-actualization, and the belief that human nature is basically __________. biologically predetermined an empty vessel negative positive

positive

Dr. Fletcher is inspired by Freud and the idea that today's hurts are caused by childhood issues. However, Dr. Fletcher has adopted a style of treatment that takes much less time and is less costly than traditional psychoanalysis. Dr. Fletcher uses ___________ to treat clients. cognitive-behavioral therapy humanistic therapy systematic desensitization therapy psychodynamic therapy

psychodynamic therapy

The use of medications to treat psychological problems is called __________. psychotherapeutic pharmacology pharmacotherapy psychopharmacotherapy psychopharmacology

psychopharmacotherapy

A last resort when confronted with intractable psychological disorders may be to perform __________; an early, much-flawed example of this approach was the prefrontal lobotomy. ablative reconstruction trephining psychosurgery freemanotomies

psychosurgery

Ivka is being treated for alcoholism. One night he finds himself unable to fight the urge to have a drink. His treatment for alcoholism has taught him not to feel guilty or ashamed about his urge or to be discouraged by his momentary backslide. Ivka has been participating in relapse prevention treatment. controlled drinking treatment. Abstinence Anonymous treatment. Alcoholics Anonymous.

relapse prevention treatment.

One of the reasons that bogus therapies sometimes appear effective is that occasionally clients think they have improved more than they actually have, because they misremember their previous situation as worse than it actually was. This is called retrospective rewriting of the past. self-serving bias. spontaneous remission. regression to the mean

retrospective rewriting of the past.

There is a philosophical divide called the __________ between psychologists who see therapy as a more of an art than a science, and those who believe all therapy should be based on well-replicated scientific findings. intuition-empiricism divide heart-mind divide scientist-practitioner gap intuitive-intellectual gap

scientist-practitioner gap

What does it take to be an effective therapist? remaining emotionally distant from a client (for objectivity), determining the optimum number of sessions from the start of therapy, and maintaining a respectful formality showing empathic behaviors (such as warmth and kindness), refraining from contradicting clients, and establishing important topics of discussion in therapeutic sessions years of training, regardless of the therapeutic approach, is the single best predictor of effectiveness providing detailed information to a client about the history and mechanisms of a single therapeutic approach, and applying that one approach to a variety of concerns

showing empathic behaviors (such as warmth and kindness), refraining from contradicting clients, and establishing important topics of discussion in therapeutic sessions

Yaffa is experiencing depression and has considered seeing a therapist. She has been miserable and has struggled to function and keep her job. Just before she finally decides to call a therapist, she suddenly feels better and has the energy to do all of the things she wants to do. It is likely that Yaffa has experienced spontaneous remission. regression to the mean. a self-determining bias. a placebo effect.

spontaneous remission.

What type of family therapy uses paradoxical requests to motivate uncooperative clients into better patterns of communication, effective problem solving, and enhanced relating to one another? paradoxical group intervention structural family therapy dysfunctional family therapy strategic family intervention

strategic family intervention

Dr. Lorenski is having dinner with his clients in their home and plans to go with them on their weekly bowling trip after dinner. He works with the family to improve their relationships and interactions. The family is participating ins exposure therapy. cognitive-behavioral therapy. structural family therapy. paradoxical family therapy.

structural family therapy.

Patrice is taught to relax by tensing and then relaxing her muscles. Her therapist then takes out a list of increasingly anxiety-provoking stimuli and asks her to remain relaxed while she thinks of the anxiety-provoking situation. They gradually work up the hierarchy until Patrice is able to remain relaxed while thinking of the most anxiety-provoking situation on her list. Patrice is practicing aversive inhibition. counterconditioning. exposure therapy. systematic desensitization

systematic desensitization

Although the authors of the text advocate the use of empirically supported therapies (EST), they point out that if a therapy is not on the EST list that therapy cannot be researched scientifically. that therapy may not have been investigated yet. that therapy has been proven to be harmful. that therapy has been proven to be ineffective.

that therapy may not have been investigated yet.

Settimio is participating in an alcohol treatment program. One night he slips up and has a drink. He thinks to himself, "I've blown it now, why bother trying anymore?" and continues to drink. Settimio is experiencing the abstinence violation effect. powerlessness over alcohol. controlled drinking. adaptive social networking .

the abstinence violation effect.

Which of the following would match the qualifications and likely work settings for a clinical social worker? training varies widely; B.S.W., M.S.W., D.S.W., or L.C.S.W. degree; private practice following supervised experience; help with social and health problems Ph.D./Psy.D., M.A., or M.S. degree; work in private practice or hospitals, schools, community agencies, medical or academic settings Ph.D., Psy.D., Ed.D., Ed.S., M.A., M.S., or M.Ed. degree; focus on in-school interventions, assessment, and prevention programs; work with teachers, students, and parents training varies widely; A.A., B.S.N., M.S.N., D.N.P., or Ph.D. degree; work in hospitals, community health centers, primary care facilities, or outpatient mental health clinics; manage medications; with advanced degrees can diagnose and treat patients

training varies widely; B.S.W., M.S.W., D.S.W., or L.C.S.W. degree; private practice following supervised experience; help with social and health problems

Which of Carl Rogers's requirements for person-centered therapy did he believe allowed clients to reclaim aspects of their "true selves"? nondirection empathy unconditional positive regard authenticity

unconditional positive regard

Extensive research shows that knowing the origins of our problems is not sufficient to relieve psychological distress. To improve, people need to practice new and more adaptive behaviors in everyday life, a process known as __________. steps in the right direction working through insight intervention moving forward

working through