Chapter 15

Douglass believed that the United States was a nation of innumerable races. He believed that migration and the right to hold office both were essential to freedom and citizenship. In this speech, in particular, Douglass argued for the rights and liberties of the Chinese in America.

true

Why did southern planters and merchants oppose Reconstruction and the new state governments?

-Reconstruction governments were corrupt. -Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. -Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped.

Which of the following are valid statements about the election of 1876?

-The disputed electoral votes were in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana. -Samuel Tilden, the Democratic candidate, won the popular vote.

Why was education so important to freed blacks during this era?

-They wanted to be able to read the Bible. -They wanted the opportunity to take part in politics. -They wanted to prepare to participate in the economic marketplace.

Identify some of the ways in which blacks demonstrated their freedom following the end of the Civil War.

-by locating and reuniting with loved ones from whom they had been separated under slavery -by traveling -by attending mass meetings and religious services

Identify the statements that describe the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.

-defined all persons born in the United States as citizens -ensured all citizens enjoyed a set of basic rights

Identify the factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction.

-the economic depression of the early 1870s -the growth of Democratic power in Congress -the Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks -northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership

List the following events of Reconstruction in chronological order.

1. Thirteenth Amendment 2. Civil Rights Bill of 1866 3. Fourteenth Amendment 4. Ku Klux Klan established 5. Enforcement Acts

Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted.

-African-American political leaders -white Republicans -blacks who became landowners

Why did northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870s?

-Many of the Radical Republicans who had established the Reconstruction plan had died. -Many northerners believed that the South should be able to solve its own problems. -Many believed that the federal government had created the conditions of freedom, and success was now up to blacks.

carpetbaggers

-Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. -Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain.

scalawags

-These were wartime Unionists who cooperated with the Republicans to prevent "rebels" from returning to power. -Southern whites supported the Republican Party and were believed to be traitors to their race by many southern whites.

How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?

-They denied blacks the right to testify in court against whites. -They prohibited blacks from serving on juries. -They denied blacks the right to serve in state militias. -They did not allow blacks to vote.

How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?

-They required states to offer free college education. -They prohibited states from electing black officeholders.

Which of the following choices correctly describe former slaves' views of landownership during this era?

-They were entitled to land because of their unpaid labor. -It allowed for the development of black communities independent of white control.

Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.

-a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' desire to discipline their labor force -preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision -guaranteed planters a stable labor force -required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year

Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.

-pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors -refusal to pay Confederate debts -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments -abolition of slavery -repudiation of secession

Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.

-settle disputes between blacks and whites -establish schools for blacks -secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts -provide aid to the poor and aged -reorganize abandoned and confiscated land in the South into forty-acre plots to allocate to former slaves

Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.

-the Fourteenth Amendment -state guarantees of black men's right to vote -temporary division of the South into military districts -creation of new state governments

The competing visions of Reconstruction between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans brought forth the nation's first impeachment charges. Place the following events in chronological order. Note that not all options must be used.

1. Congress authorized the Tenure of Office Act in March 1867. 2. Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. 3. The House of Representatives initiated impeachment charges. 4. Johnson removed Secretary of War Ulysses S. Grant.

The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.

False- The new state governments successfully established free public education, passed civil rights legislation that prohibited racial discrimination, helped to protect the growing population of sharecroppers, and promoted economic recovery.

The Fifteenth Amendment divided the women's movement. Some of its leaders were disappointed that it didn't include women, while other leaders acknowledged the amendment's limitations but believed it represented an important step toward national suffrage.

TRUE

Andrew Johnson --- the Civil Rights Bill because he ----- in black equality. Ultimately, Johnson believed that political power rested with the ---.

vetoed, did not believe, states