Chapter 15 Digestive System
For which type of body habitus is the large intestine bunched together and positioned very low in the abdomen? a. Sthenic b. Asthenic c. Hyposthenic d. Hypersthenic
b. Asthenic
For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical? a. Sthenic b. Asthenic c. Hyposthenic d. Hypersthenic
b. Asthenic
Functions of the stomach include which two of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Absorption of nutrients b. Chemical breakdown of food c. Elimination of waste products d. Storage of food
b. Chemical breakdown of food d. Storage of food
The opening between the stomach and the small intestine is termed the pyloric: a. sphincter. b. antrum. c. orifice. d. canal.
c. orifice.
The PA projection of the stomach best demonstrates the: a. fundus. b. duodenal bulb. c. anterior aspect. d. stomach contour and duodenal bulb.
d. stomach contour and duodenal bulb.
Which two are essential projections for examination of the small intestine? (Select all that apply.) a. AP b. Lateral c. PA d. AP oblique
a. AP c. PA
A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed: a. cholangiography. b. cholecystography. c. hepatography. d. hepatorrhaphy.
a. cholangiography.
What is the length of the large intestine? a. 3 feet b. 5 feet c. 7 feet d. 8 feet
b. 5 feet
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach? a. PA b. AP oblique, LPO c. PA oblique, LAO d. PA oblique, RAO
b. AP oblique, LPO
During an operative cholangiogram, the surgeon injects the contrast medium directly into the biliary system. Which of the following projections are typically done during this procedure in surgery? 1. AP 2. AP oblique, RPO 3. AP oblique, LPO a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
a. AP; AP oblique, RPO
At what level is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the rectosigmoid area? a. ASIS b. Iliac crests c. 2 inches above the iliac crests d. 2 inches below the iliac crests
a. ASIS
The main functions of the small bowel are _____ of food. 1. digestion 2. absorption 3. storage a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
a. Digestion, Absorption
Which two are the main functions of the large intestine? (Select all that apply.) a. Elimination of waste products b. Digestion of food c. Reabsorption of fluids d. Absorption of food
a. Elimination of waste products c. Reabsorption of fluids
Where is the IR centered on sthenic patients for the double-contrast images of the large intestine? a. Iliac crests b. Costal margin c. 2 inches above the iliac crests d. 2 inches below the iliac crests
a. Iliac crests
Where does the submandibular duct open into the oral cavity? a. In the floor of the mouth next to the frenulum b. In the floor of the mouth along the crest of the sublingual fold c. Opposite the second upper molar d. Opposite the second lower molar
a. In the floor of the mouth next to the frenulum
Which two positions will demonstrate the right colic flexure? (Select all that apply.) a. LPO b. RAO c. RPO d. LAO
a. LPO b. RAO
In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located? a. LUQ b. RUQ c. LLQ d. RLQ
a. LUQ
Where is the IR centered for delayed images of the small intestine? a. Level of the iliac crests b. 1 inch above the iliac crests c. 2 inches above the iliac crests d. At the costal margin/L3
a. Level of the iliac crests
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon? 1. PA oblique, LAO 2. AP oblique, RPO 3. Left lateral a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
a. PA oblique, LAO; AP oblique, RPO
Which two are components of the alimentary canal? (Select all that apply.) a. Pharynx b. Liver c. Pancreas d. Stomach
a. Pharynx d. Stomach
Which positions will best demonstrate the retrogastric portion of the duodenum and jejunum on an AP projection of the stomach? 1. Supine 2. Trendelenburg 3. Standing a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
a. Supine, trendelenburg
A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum is often performed using a 14 x 17-inch (35 43 cm) exposure field. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection? a. The midsagittal plane b. A sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the right of the vertebral column c. A sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column d. A sagittal plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen
a. The midsagittal plane
The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions? a. Three b. Four c. Five d. Eight
a. Three
Which of the following is not one of the salivary glands? a. Tonsil b. Parotid c. Sublingual d. Submandibular
a. Tonsil
The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is the: a. cecum. b. rectum. c. sigmoid colon. d. vermiform appendix.
a. cecum.
The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the: a. ileocecal valve. b. ampulla of Vater. c. pyloric valve. d. greater duodenal papilla.
a. ileocecal valve.
The most distal portion of the small intestine is the: a. ileum. b. pylorus. c. jejunum. d. duodenum.
a. ileum.
The largest gland in the body is the: a. liver. b. spleen. c. pancreas. d. duodenum.
a. liver.
The two vessels that supply blood to the liver are the: a. portal vein and hepatic artery. b. portal artery and hepatic vein. c. portal vein and cystic artery. d. cystic vein and portal artery.
a. portal vein and hepatic artery.
How far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema? a. 8 to 12 inches b. 18 to 24 inches c. 24 to 36 inches d. 4 to 6 feet
b. 18 to 24 inches
What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines? a. Inspiration b. Expiration c. Suspended respiration d. Slow, shallow breathing
b. Expiration
Where is the IR centered for all decubitus projections of the large intestine? a. Costal margin b. Iliac crests c. 2 inches above the iliac crests d. 2 inches below the iliac crests
b. Iliac crests
At which level is the IR centered for a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum? a. T12/L1 b. L1/L2 c. L2/L3 d. Iliac crests
b. L1/L2
Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces? a. PA b. Lateral c. AP oblique, LPO d. PA oblique, RAO
b. Lateral
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the posterior portions of the colon? a. Lateral b. Lateral, ventral decubitus c. AP oblique, LPO and RPO d. AP, right lateral decubitus
b. Lateral, ventral decubitus
Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection of the large intestine? a. Midsagittal plane b. Midcoronal plane c. A longitudinal plane 2 inches anterior to the median coronal plane d. A longitudinal plane 2 inches posterior to the median coronal plane
b. Midcoronal plane
What is the recommended general body position for a radiographic series of the esophagus? a. Upright b. Recumbent c. Seated d. Trendelenburg
b. Recumbent
Which two are advantages of using the recumbent position for images of the esophagus? (Select all that apply.) a. Easier to swallow barium b. Varices better filled with contrast c. Proximal portion more completely filled with contrast d. Demonstration of hiatal hernia
b. Varices better filled with contrast c. Proximal portion more completely filled with contrast
The esophagus joins the stomach through an opening called the: a. pyloric orifice. b. cardiac orifice. c. cardiac sphincter. d. pyloric sphincter.
b. cardiac orifice.
The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the: a. ascending colon. b. descending colon. c. R colic flexure. d. transverse colon.
b. descending colon.
The widest portion of the small bowel is the: a. ileum. b. duodenum. c. jejunum. d. sigmoid.
b. duodenum.
The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the: a. left colic flexure. b. right colic flexure. c. sigmoid colon. d. duodenojejunal flexure.
b. right colic flexure.
The gallbladder functions to: a. produce and secrete bile. b. store and concentrate bile. c. regulate digestion of fatty acids. d. break down toxins in the bloodstream.
b. store and concentrate bile.
At which plane is the central ray positioned for the PA oblique projections (LAO or RAO) of the large intestine? a. Midsagittal plane b. A longitudinal plane directly over the vertebral column c. A longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side d. A longitudinal plane 4 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side
c. A longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side
Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and the lateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air? a. AP oblique, RPO b. AP oblique, LPO c. AP, right lateral decubitus d. AP, left lateral decubitus
c. AP, right lateral decubitus
Which of the following best describes the administration of barium for an esophagram being performed for esophageal varices? a. Swallow the barium, inhale. b. Swallow the barium, exhale. c. Exhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out. d. Inhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out.
c. Exhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out.
The wall of the small intestine is composed of how many coats? a. Two b. Three c. Four d. Five
c. Four
How far is the enema tip inserted into the rectum for a colon examination? a. No more than 2 inches b. No more than 3 inches c. No more than 4 inches d. No more than 5 inches
c. No more than 4 inches
What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the esophagus? a. AP, LAO b. AP, LPO c. PA, RAO d. PA, LAO
c. PA, RAO
Which of the following describes the function of the spleen? 1. Produces glucagon. 2. Produces lymphocytes. 3. Stores and removes dead red blood cells. a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
c. Produces lymphocytes. Stores and removes dead red blood cells.
Which salivary gland is located on the floor of the mouth? a. Parotid b. Submandibular c. Sublingual d. Submandibular and sublingual
c. Sublingual
The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called the: a. cardiac notch. b. abdominal esophagus. c. cardiac antrum. d. esophagogastric junction.
c. cardiac antrum.
The large intestine is made up of a series of pouches called the: a. cecum. b. rugae. c. haustra. d. taeniae coli.
c. haustra.
The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct usually unite to form the: a. pyloric portion. b. duodenal bulb. c. hepatopancreatic ampulla. d. greater duodenal papilla.
c. hepatopancreatic ampulla.
What is the absolute maximum exposure time for images of the GI tract to avoid imaging peristaltic motion? a. 0.01 second b. 0.05 second c. 0.1 second d. 0.5 second
d. 0.5 second
What is the length of the average adult small intestine? a. 10 feet b. 12 feet c. 20 feet d. 22 feet
d. 22 feet
How long is the entire alimentary canal? a. 5 feet b. 10 feet c. 20 feet d. 30 feet
d. 30 feet
What is the central-ray angulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine? a. 10 to 20 degrees cephalad b. 30 to 40 degrees cephalad c. 10 to 20 degrees caudad d. 30 to 40 degrees caudad
d. 30 to 40 degrees caudad
The central-ray angulation for the AP axial projection of the large intestine is: a. 10 to 20 degrees caudad. b. 30 to 40 degrees caudad. c. 10 to 20 degrees cephalad. d. 30 to 40 degrees cephalad.
d. 30 to 40 degrees cephalad.
The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique stomach radiographic images ranges from _____ degrees. a. 20 to 30 b. 30 to 40 c. 40 to 50 d. 30 to 60
d. 30 to 60
How many natural constrictions are in the esophagus? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
d. 4
How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? a. 10 to 20 degrees b. 15 to 45 degrees c. 30 to 60 degrees d. 40 to 70 degrees
d. 40 to 70 degrees
What percentage of the population will have a combination of sthenic and hyposthenic body habitus? a. 50% b. 60% c. 75% d. 85%
d. 85%
Which methods are used to administer barium for a radiographic examination of the small intestine? 1. By mouth 2. Reflux filling 3. Enteroclysis a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
d. By mouth Reflux filling Enteroclysis
The wall of the colon is composed of how many layers? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four
d. Four
The wall of the esophagus is composed of how many layers of tissue? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four
d. Four
For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal? a. Sthenic b. Asthenic c. Hyposthenic d. Hypersthenic
d. Hypersthenic
The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to produce and secrete: a. bile. b. insulin. c. glucagon. d. digestive juice.
d. digestive juice.
The opening inside the duodenum where pancreatic enzymes and bile enter is called the: a. pyloric portion. b. duodenal bulb. c. hepatopancreatic ampulla. d. greater duodenal papilla.
d. greater duodenal papilla.
The hard palate is formed by the: a. ethmoid and vomer. b. ethmoid and palatine bone. c. maxillae and vomer. d. maxillae and palatine bone.
d. maxillae and palatine bone.
The jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the: a. haustra. b. iliacus muscle. c. psoas muscle. d. mesentery.
d. mesentery.
