Chapter 15. EMT

Which of the following patients would MOST likely demonstrate typical signs of infection, such as a fever?

a 17-year-old male with no past medical history

The mental status of a patient who has experienced a typical seizure:

is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure?

confusion and fatigue

A 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. Your initial impression is that the patient is having a stroke. The patient's wife is present and she is very upset. As your partner is applying oxygen, which of the following has a direct impact on how this patient will be treated once he is taken to the ER?

determine how long this has been happening

Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the:

liver.

You arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should:

maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, and administer high- flow oxygen.

A patient without a history of seizures experiences a sudden convulsion. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is

epilepsy.

A patient without a history of seizures experiences a sudden convulsion. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is:

epilepsy.

The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:

foramen magnum

A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she:

has bleeding within the brain.

The left cerebral hemisphere controls

he right side of the body.

Which of the following medications is NOT used to treat patients with a history of

hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:

hypertension.

You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, and is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth. You should:

suction her oropharynx and apply 100% oxygen.

for:When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for?

a seizure

Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure?

a seizure that begins in one extremity

When assessing arm movement of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should:

ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke?

blockage of a cerebral artery

Muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the:

cerebellum.

The three major parts of the brain are the

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.

A 29-year-old male complains of a severe headache and nausea that has gradually worsened over the past 12 hours. He is conscious, alert, and oriented and tells you that his physician diagnosed him with migraine headaches. He further tells you that he has taken numerous different medications, but none of them seem to help. His blood pressure is 132/74 mm Hg, his pulse is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 20 breaths/min and adequate. In addition to high-flow oxygen, further treatment should include:

dimming the lights in the back of the ambulance and transporting without lights and siren.

Which of the following is NOT an assessment parameter included in the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale?

memory

You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:

nitiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) as soon as possible.

A patient with an altered mental status is:

not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused.

You arrive at a grocery store shortly after a 35-year-old male stopped seizing. Your assessment reveals that he is confused and incontinent of urine. The patient's girlfriend tells you that he has a history of seizures and takes carbamazepine (Tegretol). When obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is MOST important to:

obtain a description of how the seizure developed

A generalized seizure is characterized by

severe twitching of all the body's muscles.

ou arrive at a grocery store shortly after a 35-year-old male stopped seizing. Your assessment reveals that he is confused and incontinent of urine. The patient's girlfriend tells you that he has a history of seizures and takes carbamazepine (Tegretol). When obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is MOST important to:

obtain a description of how the seizure developed.

You are caring for a semiconscious man with left-sided paralysis. His airway is patent and his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. Treatment for this patient should include:

oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, left lateral recumbent position, and transport.

An absence seizure is also referred to as a

petit mal seizure.

Status epilepticus is characterized by:

prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness.

You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should

repeat the arm drift test, but move the patient's arms into position yourself.

You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should:

repeat the arm drift test, but move the patient's arms into position yourself.

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely affect the entire brain?

respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest

Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of seizures?

severe hypovolemia

You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should:

transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route.

A patient who is experiencing aphasia is:

unable to produce or understand speech.

The principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia:

usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness.