chapter 15 history

Sharecropping

allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year.

In the summer of 1865, President Andrew Johnson ordered nearly all land in federal hands

be returned to its former owners.

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871

defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses, and under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen.

The Reconstruction Act of March 1867

divided the South into five military districts and called for creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.

All of the victims of the Ku Klux Klan were black.

false

Some 900 blacks sat in state legislatures during Reconstruction, yet few held local offices.

false

The victorious Republicans, the "Redeemers," claimed to have redeemed the white South from corruption, misgovernment, and northern and black control.

false

While Reconstruction brought profound changes, the postwar South was peopled with the same social classes.

false

In the five years following the end of the Civil War, former slaves were guaranteed the following in three amendments to the United States Constitution:

freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men.

The Black Codes were

laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves.

In consequence of the "Bargain of 1877," President Rutherford B. Hayes

ordered federal troops to stop guarding the state houses in Louisiana and South Carolina.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.

The Burlingame Treaty reaffirmed China's national sovereignty, and

provided reciprocal protection for religious freedom and against discrimination for citizens of each country emigrating or visiting the other.

In a society that had made political participation a core element of freedom, this activity became central to the former slaves' desire for empowerment and equality.

right to vote

Following the Civil War, white and black farmers in the South

saw the price of cotton fall steadily.

Which was not a principal task of the Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1870)?

support black churches and businesses

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that

the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race.

Which were central elements in the lives of postemancipation blacks in the twenty years following the end of the Civil War?

the family, the church, the school

Among the important accomplishments of Reconstruction state governments was the establishment of the South's first state-supported public schools.

true

Black Codes sometimes assigned black children to work for their former masters without parental consent.

true

During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the United States House of Representatives and two U.S. senators.

true

In 1866, the civil rights bill became the first major law in American history to be passed over a presidential veto.

true

In the Slaughterhouse Cases (1873), the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment had not altered traditional federalism.

true

The KKK was founded in 1866 as a Tennessee secret society and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party.

true

The country was plunged into an economic depression in 1873, and support among Republicans for further reforms in the South weakened.

true

The once prosperous Confederate General Braxton Bragg returned from the Civil War to find he had lost everything and lived for some time with his wife in a slave cabin.

true

There were cases of freed slaves returning to the land they had previously worked demanding that they were "joint heirs" of the estate.

true

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction

were often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine.

Robert Smalls was a black senator who served one unsuccessful term before being replaced by a white senator in 1900.

False

Under Radical Reconstruction, blacks held most of the South's top elected positions.

False

The 1865 agency responsible for the attempt to establish a working free labor system was called the

Freedmen's Bureau.

The House of Representatives approved articles of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson for violation of what law?

The Tenure of Office Act

Which was not true of Liberal Republicans in the post-Civil War era?

They believed the growth of federal power needed to be expanded.

Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens argued that disloyal planters' land should be confiscated and redistributed among former slaves.

True

During Reconstruction, a number of state governments initiated civil rights legislation that made it illegal for railroads, hotels, and other institutions to discriminate on the basis of race.

True

During the 1872 elections, the Liberal Republicans argued that Reconstruction was a failure.

True

The struggles over land and labor united the postemancipation experience in many countries, yet this one aspect made the United States unique.

Within two years after the end of slavery, black males were given the right to vote.

Which of the following was not a major cause of the decline of Reconstruction?

a deepening of mutual respect between black and white southerners, making Reconstruction seem no longer necessary

In the aftermath of the Civil War, the black church was a powerful influence in the South. What two denominations commanded the largest African-American following?

Baptist and Methodist

Upon Lincoln's assassination, ____________ became president.

Andrew Johnson