Chapter 15
Higher-Order Processing Centers
Housed in both cerebral hemispheres
grey matter
Houses motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, telodendria, unmyelinated axons
insula lobe function
Involved in interoceptive awareness, emotion, empathy, taste
occipital lobe function
Processes incoming visual information and stores visual memories
Cerebral nuclei
are masses of gray matter located deep within brain's white matter
CSF Functions
buoyancy, protection, chemical stability
Make up of cerebral nuclei
caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, claustrum, amygdaloid body
BBB is not present in
choroid plexus, hypothalamus, pineal gland
Association tracts
connect areas within one hemisphere
Projection tracts
connect cerebrum to lower areas (e.g., spinal cord)
Longitudinal fasciculi
connect different lobes of same hemisphere
Commissural tracts
connect the two hemispheres
Motor speech area function
controls muscular movements necessary for vocalization
primary motor cortex function
controls voluntary skeletal muscle activity
premotor cortex function
coordinates skilled motor activities
2 hemispheres connect at a few locations
corpus callosum
Excess CSF
flows into arachnoid villi and drains into dural venous sinuses
Parietal lobe function
general sensory functions
temporal lobe function
hearing and smell
frontal eye field function
helps control and regulate eye movements
Somatosensory association area function
integrates and interprets sensory information
Auditory association function
interprets characteristics of sound and stores memories of sound
Cerebrum
is location of conscious thought and origin of intellectual functions
Flow of CSF
lateral ventricles --> 3rd --> 4th --> subarachnoid space --> out arachnoid villi into blood stream.
white matter
made up of myelinated axons
frontal lobe
premotor cortex, frontal eye field, motor speech area, prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex
temporal lobe
primary auditory cortex, auditory association area, primary olfactory cortex
insula lobe
primary gustatory cortex
pareital lobe
primary somatosensory cortex, somatosensory asscioation area
occipital lobe
primary visual cortex and visual association area
Primary auditory cortex function
processes auditory information
Primary gustatory cortex function
processes taste information
Primary visual cortex function
processes visual information
Visual association area function
processes visual information
Primary olfactory cortex function
provides awareness of smell
Primary somatosensory cortex function
receives general somatic sensory information from touch, pressure, pain, and temperature receptors
Wernicke area
recognizes and comprehends spoken and written language
BBB
regulates what substances can enter interstitial fluid of brain
Frontal lobe function
voluntary movement, concentration, verbal communication, decision making, planning, and personality
Arcuate fibers
within a lobe
Cranial meninges
•Separating brain from bones of cranium, protect blood vessels, contain and circulate CSF
Diaphragma sellae
•small septum between pituitary and hypothalamus