chapter 15

in the social ___ model of social relations, individuals go through life embedded in a personal network of individuals to whom they give and from whom they receive social support

convoy

in which of the following ways are older adults discriminated against

They're not hired for new jobs They're eased out of old jobs They're shunned socially

which of the following types of children tend to get bullied

children who are lonely children who are anxious and social withdrawn children who are aggressive

as they grow older, people tend to choose ___ friends over ___ friends

close; new

cultures that value harmonious relationships and interdependence of members are labeled

collectivist

Jack and Jill enjoy spending time together after school. What function of friendship does this serve

companionship

what do children receive from peers that they dont receive from siblings

comparison to others the same age

compared with other developed countries children in the US watch television for ___ periods

considerably longer

which peer status includes children who are both actively liked and actively dislike by peers

controversial

children who are aggressive with peers are at risk for what problems

dropping out of school deliquency

due to the effects that imaginary play has on cognitive development, vygotsky believed that parents should ___ it

encourage

according to sullivan, the need for ___ intensifies during early adolescence, prompting adolescents to seek out close friendships

intamacy

The adult male pattern of friendship often involves ___ while sharing useful information

keeping ones distance

hobbies, sports, and reading are all examples of:

leisure

which of the following are outcomes of social support for older adults

lower incidence of depression decreased likelihood of being institutionalized

with regard to gender differences ___ to negatively stereotyped older adults

men are more likely than woman

one individual difference factor that has been found to impair peer relations is the trait of

negative emotionality

In terms of peer status, a(n) ___ child is seldom nominated as a best friend but is not actively disliked

neglected

which of the following are likely to predict whether a culture accords a position of high status to older adults

older persons control key family resources older persons are permitted to engage in useful functions as long as possible the extended family is a common family arrangement in the culture

adolescents who interact with ___ engage in more problem behaviors such as delinquency and early sexual behavior

older youths

in terms of peer status, the __ child is frequently nominated by a best friend and is rarely disliked by peers

popular

children who repeatedly throw a ball against a wall to work on their aim are engaging in what type of play

practice

many experts on play consider the ___ years the "gold age" of symbolic/pretense play

preschool

___ play involves children using one object to stand in for another object, such as a block as if it is a walkie talkie

pretense/symbolic

which types of childrens play styles have been widely studied

pretense/symbolic social and constructive play sensorimotor and practice play

bc learning occurs during give and take, as children move through eleemtnary school the idea of peer

reciprocity becomes increasinlgy important

In term of peer status, ___ children are seldom nominated by other and are activley dislike by their peers

rejected

which attachment style has shown to positively influence peer choice

secure

In an analysis of many cultures, which of the following factors were found to be important to living "good life" as an older adult

security kinship/support health

___ play is defined as behavior engaged in by infants to derive pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimortor schemas

sensorimotor

A low level of ___ integration is likened with coronary heart disease in older adults

social

___ play involves interactions with peers

social

in middle and late childhood, the development of which of the following provides children with information about their peers and peer relationships

social cognition

activity theory states that

the more active and involved older adults, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives

beside aggressive television shows, violent ___ ___ have also been correlated with aggression in children

video games

According to Dodge, children go through five steps in processing information about their social world. arrange the steps

1. decoding social cues 2. interpreting social cues 3. searching for a response 4. selecting an optimal response 5. enacting

in terms of developmental changes in peer interaction, childrens preference for same sex peer group increase until the age of

12

According to a recent study, the period between ____years of age is an important time for developing the ability to resist peer pressure

14 and 18

in 2006 what percentage of US children were living in families below the poverty line

17

according to a 2009 study, the time spent using media jumps by ___ in early adolescence

3 hours

the highest incidence of game playing occurs between what ages

8 to 12

which of the social theories of aging has a more negative view of aging

disengagement theory

not all friendships are positive. which of the follwoing would not be a positive friendship trait a. coercion b. acadeic achievement c. social skill d. support

a

who is more likely to be a bully

a boy in high school

children show ___ for same sex peers

a clear preferences

The benefits of social support include which of the following

a reduction in symptoms of diseases an improved ability to meet ones own health care needs improved mental health

As they enter adolescence, youth typically prefer ___ than in childhood

a smaller number of friends relationships that are more intimate and intense

Match the type of play with the age of occurrence a. primary confined to infancy b. can be engaged in throughout life

a. sensorimotor b. practice

a. involves social interactions b. combines sensorimotor and repetitive activity with symbolic representation of ideas c. involves repetitive behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports d. involves physical environment transformed into a symbol

a. social b.constructive c. practice d. pretense/symbolic

A recent study found that grade point averages of adolescents friends were a predictor of which of the following behaviors in the adolescents themselves

acting out behaviors drug use school achievement

the process by which ethnic minoriites adapt to the dominant culture is called ___

aculturation

what did sullivans theory state about friendships

adolescents witout close friendships with experience loneliness and lower self worth friendships are necessary to satisfy our basic social needs friends are important in shaping the development of adolescents

cliques and crowds are more important in ___ than in ___

adolescnce; childhood

Prejudice against others bc of their age, especially prejudice against older adults is called

ageism

dodge has found that __ boys are more likely to percieve another childs actions as hostile when the childs intentions are ambigous

aggressive

which group of adolescents has the mot leisure time

america

according to Freud and Erikson, play helps the child master

anxieties and conflicts

There is nothing particular unusual about Ramon. He gets along pretty well with most of his classmates; he is like and disliked by an equal amount of peers. In terms of peer status, ramon can be described as a ___ child

average

Which 5 peer statuses have been identified by researchers

average popular rejected controversial neglected

Which of the following statements regarding gender and peer groups is FALSE a. boys groups are more likely to participate in organized grou games than girls groups are b. girls groups are more likely than boys groups to seek to attain a group goal c. from about 5 onward, boys tend to associate larger clusters than girls d. girls groups are more likely to engage in "collaborative discourse" than boys groupss

b

according to some child psychologists, children pretend play narratives emphasize which of the following capacities

balance of social roles role taking metacognition

which of the following factors are important for successful aging

being physically active being socially active being cognitively active

___ report that they feel more comfortable self disclosing online than do ____

boys; girls

The term ___ refers to verbal or physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful

bullying

in which of the following ways does play encourage exploratory behavior

by offering incongruity by offering complexity and uncertainty by offering novelty and surprise

which of the following child rearing practicess does NOT characterize lower SES parents having concern that children conform to societys expectations acting more directive and less conversational rely less on physical punishment having clear authority over children

c. they use more physical punishment

the broad areas of study that assess culture and adolescent development in the United States include ___ comparisons and ___ group differences

cross-cultural and ethinc

___ is defined as behavior, patterns and beliefs passed on from on generation to another

culture

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of games a. children engage in them for pleasure b. they have rules c. they often involve competition d. they are most popular in the preschool years

d

during early childhood, the proportion of aggression exchanges ___ as compared to friend exchanges

decreases

what is the major risk when withdrawn children are rejected and/or victimized

depression

which of the follwoing statements best describes the findings of research into the role of friendship in the lives of older adults

friendship were more important than family relationships in predicting mental health older individuals with close ties to friends had increased longevity

___ are activities that children engage in for pleasure and that have rules. often they involve rules

games

Older adults are the fastest growing segment of internet users and are practiculary interested in

getting health information staying in touch with relatives emailing

language barriers, the dual struggle to preserve idenity and to acculturate, and changes in SES are some of the issues facing ____ youths

immigrant

According to Piaget ___ provides the perfect setting to exercise cognitive structures

play

which type of play includes turn taking and conversations about numerous topics

social play

___ status, or SES, refers to apersons position within society, based on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics

socioeconomic

___ status is often used to study peer status. It typically involves asking children to identify peers whom they like

sociometric

___ status is often used to study peer status. it is typically involves asking children to identify peers whom they like the best and the least

sociometric

which of the following are some negative influences that teleision viewing has on children

teaching stereotypes and unrealistic world views promotion passive learning distrracting them from homework

___ is the most influential type of mas media on young children

television

Which of the following is NOT a difference in friendships during adolescence and friendships during emerging adulthood

the number of friendships increases from the end of adolecence to emerging adulthood yes: best friendships often decline in satisfaction and commitment in the first year of college the number of friendships declines from the end of adolescence to emerging adulthood close relationships are more integrated and similar in emerging adulthood

what are the features of cliques

they average 5 to 6 individuals members are usually the same age members are usually the same sex

what are the features of crowds

they tend to be based on repuation they are larger than cliques many are defined by activities

In which of the following ways do cliques generally form

through a club or sports team through shared activities through friendships with other individuals

what type of play would not be considered pretense/symbolic

throwing a ball against the wall and claiming "im going to catch every throw"

which of the following are important functions of peer relationships

to provide a source of information and comparison about the world outside the family to provide children with a source of comparison and feedback about their abilities

true or false: despite the negative impact that violent television has on children, research has also found television to have a positive impact on prosical behavior

true