Chapter 15 Review Questions

What is the normal concentration of water in urine?

95%

Name the two hormones (one secreted by the posterior pituitary and the other by the adrenal medulla) that affect kidney functions and explain the effect of each.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone act on the kidneys to regulate fluid volume and pressure in the body. ADH secreted by the posterior pituitary causes water retention, while aldosterone secreted by the the adrenal medulla causes sodium retention. Since water follows sodium, aldosterone leads to water retention as well. Water retention ensures that circulating blood volume and blood pressure are maintained.

Which organ serves as the site for urine storage?

Bladder

Which two structures make up the renal corpuscle?

Bowman capsule and glomerulus

The majority of secretion processes occur in which portion of the nephron?

Distal convoluted tubule

List the key steps in urine formation in the order that they occur in the kidneys.

Filtration Reabsorption Secretion

What is the name for the bundle of capillaries inside the Bowman capsule?

Glomerulus

List the four components of the urinary system.

Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra

Which of the following is considered the functional unit of the urinary system?

Nephron

The expansion at the upper end of the ureter inside the kidney is called the:

Pelvis

Which urine formation process moves substances such as glucose and water out of the renal tubule and into the blood?

Reabsorption

What is the name for the bulbous portion of the nephron?

Renal corpuscle

What is the name of the outer section of tissue in the kidney?

Renal cortex

What is the difference between the ureters and the urethra?

Ureters: tubes that carry urine from kidneys to bladder. Urethra: passageway from bladder to external environment that allows for urination.

Urine generally contains high concentrations of nitrogenous waste products such as urea, ammonia, and:

Uric acid