Chapter 15

What was the purpose of the second Confiscation Act, passed by Congress on July 17, 1862?

The act freed the slaves of rebel masters.

What happened in the loyal border states of Missouri and Kentucky?

A violent pro-southern minority remained sympathetic to the southern cause.

The bloodiest day of the Civil War occurred September 17, 1862, at

Antietam Creek, Maryland.

Who went on to found the Red Cross after serving as a nurse in Union battlefield units during the war?

Clara Barton

What event marked the official beginning of armed hostilities between the North and South?

Confederates firing on Fort Sumter

How many of the fifteen slave states joined the Confederacy?

Eleven

Why did King Cotton diplomacy fail?

European nations turned to Egypt and India for cotton.

Initially the Confederacy sought King Cotton diplomacy, a strategy based on the belief that

European nations' need for cotton would lead them to support the Confederacy.

Which general won the battle of Gettysburg?

George G. Meade

What was the significance of the conflict between the Virginia and the Monitor?

The conflict marked the birth of the ironclad warship.

What irony emerges when considering the wartime leadership of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis?

The inexperienced Lincoln proved to be a more adept leader than the seasoned Davis.

What prompted an Irish-led riot that took the lives of at least 105 people in New York City in the summer of 1863?

The newly enacted draft law

What was General William T. Sherman's strategy for defeating the Confederates in Georgia in 1864?

He orchestrated a scorched-earth military campaign aimed at destroying the will of the southern people.

What happened to the northern working class as a result of the North's increased industrial production?

Inflation caused most workers' standard of living to fall.

What was the significance of the first battle at Manassas (or Bull Run) in July 1861?

It demonstrated that Americans were in for a real war, one that would be neither quick nor easy.

What disadvantage did the South face when it came to supplying the Confederate armies?

It lacked the resources available to the North.

What peace terms did Grant offer Lee at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865?

Lee's men could keep their horses.

How did President Lincoln attempt to stifle opposition to the war?

Lincoln suppressed free speech.

Why did President Lincoln criticize General George B. McClellan early in the war?

McClellan had amassed a huge military force but refused to attack.

How did free black men of fighting age in the North respond to the war effort?

Most free black men fought in the Union army.

What was the capital city of the Confederacy in 1863?

Richmond, Virginia

Why did Southerners believe they had a real chance of winning the Civil War?

Southern men believed they were physically tougher than northern men.

What was the purpose of the 1862 Homestead Act?

The Act offered Western land to settlers who would live and labor on it.

How did Northerners view the war once it began?

The Civil War was a struggle to preserve the Union.

Why did the South experience greater inflation than the North during the Civil War?

The Confederacy printed more money.

What problem did President Lincoln face during the election of 1864?

The Democrats had an excellent chance of winning.

What was the result of the Battle of Vicksburg in July 1863?

The Union army's victory opened up a large portion of the Mississippi River.

What was the significance of the Battle of Shiloh?

The Union victory ruined the Confederacy's chances to take control of the West.

What was the result of strikes by workers in northern industries during the war?

The strikes rarely succeeded.

Why were Confederate soldiers demoralized during the waning months of the war?

The toll of years of fighting had become too much.

Why did some Indian tribes side with the Confederates during the Civil War?

The tribes hoped the Confederacy would grant them more independence.

What did Southern clergymen think about the Civil War?

They believed God had blessed slavery and the new nation

Why did some states in the Upper South opt for secession from the Union?

They couldn't see themselves fighting fellow Southerners.

How did slaves use the chaos and turmoil of the Civil War to whittle away at their bondage?

They forced concessions from their masters and mistresses.

Why did white Southerners from all classes enlist to fight Yankees?

They wanted to ensure that blacks remained subordinate to whites.

What did Lincoln consider the biggest obstacle to the acceptance of emancipation in the Union?

White fears that freed slaves would disrupt Northern society

Women served which of the following roles during the Civil War?

Women worked as government secretaries.

Abraham Lincoln justified the Emancipation Proclamation as

a military necessity.

Why did President Lincoln choose not to make the Civil War a struggle over slavery?

e doubted his power to tamper with the "domestic institutions" of any state.

Why did the "twenty-Negro law" enrage many white Southerners during the Civil War?

exempted from military service one white man on every plantation with twenty or more slaves

Despite their ideological commitment to states' rights and limited government, Confederate leaders

expanded their power by drafting soldiers into the Confederate army

In March 1862, Congress tilted toward emancipating slaves when it

forbade the practice of returning fugitive slaves to their masters.

At the end of 1862, the eastern theater of the Civil War

had reached a stalemate.

When the Civil War ended, President Lincoln was confident that

his postwar burdens would weigh almost as heavily as those of wartime.

After his victory at Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1864, General Ulysses S. Grant

launched a massive military campaign that would take his troops on a sweep through Virginia down to Louisiana.

Republicans generated the economic power they needed to fight a successful war in the early 1860s by

revolutionizing U.S. banking, monetary, and tax structures.

In his inaugural address, President Lincoln revealed that he hoped to avoid disunion by?

taking measures to stop the contagion of secession.

Aside from leading to the legal destruction of slavery, the Civil War itself helped destroy slavery in practice because

the discipline necessary to keep slavery intact was disrupted.

Under Grant's leadership, the Union armies

became a sophisticated war machine.

Most Northerners viewed secession as

an attack on the best government on earth.