Chapter 15 The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons

Whats some Sympatheic effects?

-Fight or Flight -Disgestal System -Eye (Iris)-dilation -Heart Increases HR -Lungs-bronchi dilate -Bladder-relaxation -Bld vsls -Gallbladder-inhibits

Whats some Parasympatheic effects?

-Homeostasis -GI-stimulates -Eye (iris)-constriction -Heart-decreases HR -Lungs-bronchi constrict -Bladder-contraction -Bld vsls-no effect -Gallbladder-stimulus

What neurotransmitter is released by the postganglionic axons in the Parasympatheic nervous system?

Acetylcholine.

Describe the Sympathetic division.

Activated during exercise, excitement, and emergencies. Also called the Thoracolumbar division. Has long postganglionic fibers & short preganglionic. Highly branched with axons.

Describe the Autonomic Nervous System?

Chain of two motor neurons. Conduction is slower due to thinly or unmyelinated axons.

What is a ganglion?

Collect of cell bodies.

Describe the Parasympathetic division.

Concerned with conserving energy. Also called the Craniosacral division. Has short postganglionic fibers & long preganglionic fibers. Has a few branches of axons.

Describe the Visceral Reflexes

Has visceral sensory and autonomic neurons. Are simple spinal reflexes.

What does the Autonomic Nervous System innervates?

Innervates the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

What is the Central control of ANS?

Its controlled by the brain stem and spinal cord. Reticular formation exerts most direct influence the medulla oblongata, and periaqueductal gray matter. Control by the hypothalamus and amygdala.

Describe the Sympatheic Trunk Ganglia.

Its on both sides of the vertebral column. Linked into sympatheic trunks. Joined to ventral rami by white and gray rami communicates.

What does the Parasympatheic Pathway lead to?

Leads all the way to the effector and synapses in the wall of the effector. Involved with the Vagus nerve.

What does the Adrenal Medulla do in the Sympathetic Division.

Major organ of this system. Constitutes largest sympathetic ganglia. Secretes great quantities of norepinephrine, and adrenaline.

What neurotransmitter is released by the postganglionic axons in the Sympatheic nervous system?

Mostly norepinephine.

Describe the Somatic Motor System.

One motor neuron from the CNS to the skeletal muscle. Axons are well myelinated, conduct impulses rapidly.

What does the Autonomic Nervous System do?

Regulates visceral functions like heart rate, blood pressure, digestion and urination.

What is the difference between the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic divisions?

Sympathetic is "Fight or Flight". Parasympathetic is "rest and digest".

Describe Visceral Sensory Neurons

They monitor: Stretch, temperature, chemical changes, and irritation. Cell bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglia.

Describe Prevertebral Ganglia

Unpaired, not segmentally arranged. Occur only in abdomen and pelvis.

Whats another word for the Autonomic Nervous System?

Visceral Motor Subdivison