Chapter 15

suffered from extreme peripartum-onset depression (as well as other mental illnesses), drowned her five children in a bathtub

Andrea yates

characterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, and by related disturbances in behavior

Anxiety disorders

Kurt lewon's formula:

B = f(P x E)

psychological disorders can result from behaviors learned through classical and operant conditioning Dad is afraid of heights and watch him as you grow up so you become afraid

Behavioral perspective

influences in Biopsychosocial

Biological, Psychological, Social-cultural

factors interact to produce specific psychological disorders Eating disorders are common in countries with a lot of food

Biological, psychological, and sociocultural

when a persona alternates between depression and mani (a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state) Mania comes with risky behaviors

Bipolar disorder

psychological disorders can result from negative, self-defeating thinking.

Cognitive perspective

a person's inherited characteristics, biological processes, and early learning experiences can create a predisposition (diathesis) for a psychological disorder. Whether the disorder appears depends on the stressors the person encounters

Diathesis-stress model

when someone is almost constantly bothered by exaggerated worries

Generalized anxiety disorder

overwhelming sadness and depression that can last for weeks, months, or even years

Major depressive disorder

Unwanted, repetitive thoughts (obsessions) that can lead to unwanted, repetitive behaviors (compulsions)

OCD

a group of overlapping disorders that generally involve intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

recurrent terrifying panic attacks that occur without warning and without any apparent cause.

Panic disorder

depression that occurs in women shortly after giving birth Hormones, have to deal with a child, no attention on the mom anymore

Postpartum depression

crush on Barack obama. put it onto someone else and say they have a crush on obama.

Projection

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

Psychological disorders

constantly becoming depressed during a particular season of the year Get less sunlight which is a mood elevator

Season affective disorder

characterized by extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which the person could potentially be evaluated negatively by others

Social anxiety disorder

social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social psychology

people are part of larger systems (couple, family, etc.) and psychological disorders can be caused by problems within these systems They would bring in the whole family to help treat someone

Systems perspective

fear of heights

acrophobia

literally means "fear of the marketplace," is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack

agoraphobia

people with mood disorders have elevated activity of these two things

amygdala and cortisol

B, F, P, E in kurt lewsons formula

behavior, "a function of", person, environment

Biopsychosocial influences: evolution, individual genes, brain structure and chemistry

biological

preoccupied with a perceived flaw in physical appearance that is either nonexistent or barely noticeable to other people

body dysmorphic disorder

3 ways to acquire a phobia:

classical conditioning, vicarious learning, verbal transmission or information

repetitive and ritualistic acts that are typically carried out primarily as a means to minimize the distress that obsessions trigger or to reduce the likelihood of a feared event

compulsions

integrates biological and psychosocial factors to predict the likelihood of a disorder. model suggests that people with an underlying predisposition for a disorder (i.e., a diathesis) are more likely than others to develop a disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events (i.e., stress), such as childhood maltreatment, negative life events, trauma, and so on.

diathesis-stress model

a relatively continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension. People with this often worry about routine, everyday things, even though their concerns are unjustified

generalized anxiety disorder

cannot bear to part with personal possessions, regardless of how valueless or useless these possessions are. As a result, these individuals accumulate excessive amounts of usually worthless items that clutter their living areas

hoarding disorder

what does episodic mean and which disorder is episodic

its symptoms are typically present at their full magnitude for a certain period of time and then gradually abate, major depressive disorder

Neurobiological theories of panic disorder suggest that a region of the brain called the ________ may play a role in this disorder. Located in the brainstem, it is the brain's major source of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that triggers the body's fight-or-flight response. Activation of the this is associated with anxiety and fear,

locus coeruleus

a state of extreme elation and agitation. When people experience it, they may become extremely talkative, behave recklessly, or attempt to take on many tasks simultaneously.

mania

these models explain psychological disorders in terms of medical explanations They focus on disturbances in the anatomy and chemistry of the brain

medical / biological perspective

characterized by severe disturbances in mood and emotions—most often depression, but also mania and elation

mood disorders

neurotransmitters affected by mood disorders

norepinephrine and serotonin

an area of the frontal lobe involved in learning and decision-making. involved in OCD

orbitofrontal cortex

defined as a period of extreme fear or discomfort that develops abruptly and reaches a peak within 10 minutes. Its symptoms include accelerated heart rate, sweating, trembling, choking sensations, hot flashes or chills, dizziness or lightheadedness, fears of losing control or going crazy, and fears of dying

panic attack

recurrent (more than one) and unexpected panic attacks, along with at least one month of persistent concern about additional panic attacks, worry over the consequences of the attacks, or self-defeating changes in behavior related to the attacks (e.g., avoidance of exercise or unfamiliar situations)

panic disorder

experience depressed moods most of the day nearly every day for at least two years, as well as at least two of the other symptoms of major depressive disorder

persistent depressive disorder

Biopsychosocial influences: stress, trauma, learned helplessness, mood-related perceptions and memories

psychological

a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.

psychological disorder

When people with social anxiety disorder are unable to avoid situations that provoke anxiety, they typically perform these: mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations by reducing the chance of negative social outcomes. they include avoiding eye contact, rehearsing sentences before speaking, talking only briefly, and not talking about oneself

safety behaviors

neurotransmitters that the genes involved in OCD regulate

serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate

Biopsychosocial influences: roles, expectations, definitions of normality and disorder

social-cultural

intense, persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of an object, activity, or situation that interferes with normal living.

specific phobia

how did psychological disorders used to be viewed

supernatural