Chapter 16 Adaptive Study

If carbon 1 is the carbonyl group of an aldohexose, which of the following carbons determines if the sugar is a D- or an L-stereoisomer?

5

Which of the following sugars is the enantiomer of D-mannose?

L-mannose

Where polysaccharides are most often associated with energy storage and plant structure, oligosaccharides are commonly portions of glycoproteins.

True

Match the properties on the left with the polysaccharides on the right.

Chitin and cellulose are structural polysaccharides being found in invertebrates and plants, respectively. Chitin is made up of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine monomers linked via β(1→4) glycosidic bonds. Cellulose is made of β-D-glucose monomers linked via β(1→4) glycosidic bonds.

Which of the following statements explains why the disaccharide sucrose is a non reducing sugar?

Both anomeric carbons are involved in formation of the glycosidic bond.

Match the properties on the left with the carbohydrates on the right.

Both lactose and sucrose are disaccharides. Both contain glucose. Lactose contains galactose, while sucrose contains fructose. The two monosaccharides of lactose are linked by a β-1,4 linkage, while sucrose's are linked by an α-1,2 linkage. Lactose has a reducing end, while sucrose does not.

Match the properties on the left with the carbohydrates on the right.

Both maltose and sucrose are disaccharides. Both contain glucose. Maltose contains only glucose, while sucrose contains glucose and fructose. The two monosaccharides of maltose are linked by an α-1,4 linkage, while sucrose's are linked by an α-1,2 linkage. Maltose has a reducing end, while sucrose does not.

Which of the following carbons of glucose is oxidized upon formation of glucuronic acid?

C-6

Match the properties on the left with the polysaccharides on the right.

Glycogen is produced primarily by animals. Both have branches with an α(1→6) linkage. Glycogen and starch (amylopectin) are both polymers of α-D-glucose. Both contain glucose chains bound in α(1→4) glycosidic linkages. Both are primarily sugar-storage polymers. Neither glycogen or starch are structural polysaccharide.

elect all that apply. What is true about the role of polysaccharides in bacterial cell walls? The repeating unit of the polysaccharide consists of a disaccharide with two units of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Homopolysaccharides are major components of bacterial cell walls. In prokaryotic cell walls, the polysaccharides are crosslinked by peptides. The peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls contains D-amino acids, which are rare in nature. N-acetylmuramic acid is a major component of the polysaccharides of bacterial cell walls.

In prokaryotic cell walls, the polysaccharides are crosslinked by peptides. The peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls contains D-amino acids, which are rare in nature. N-acetylmuramic acid is a major component of the polysaccharides of bacterial cell walls.

What is true regarding disaccharides? Lactose is formed from two glucose monomers. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of D-glucose and β-D-galactose. Sucrose is composed of α-D-glucose and β-D-fructose. Lactose is a reducing sugar. Sucrose is a reducing sugar

Sucrose is composed of α-D-glucose and β-D-fructose. Lactose is a reducing sugar.

All naturally occurring polysaccharides have one terminal residue, which contains a free anomeric carbon. Why do these polysaccharides not give a positive chemical test for a reducing sugar?

The concentration of reducing ends is too small to detect.

Reducing sugars: can be detected in the laboratory by use of the enzyme glucose oxidase. include all the monomeric units in polymeric carbohydrates. will react with the silver ammonia complex ion, Ag(NH3)2+, to deposit a silver mirror on the walls of a test tube. include aldoses and ketoses because they have groups which can be oxidized to carboxyl groups. produce alditols, such as xylitol and sorbitol, in reactions with Tollens reagent.

will react with the silver ammonia complex ion, Ag(NH3)2+, to deposit a silver mirror on the walls of a test tube. include aldoses and ketoses because they have groups which can be oxidized to carboxyl groups.

Which of the following represents an example of a proteoglycan?

Attachment of several molecules of heparin to the peptide antithrombin III.

Which of the following are important to the role of glycoproteins as antigenic determinants for blood groups?

The oligosaccharide residues serve as antigens and a cross-linking reaction occurs between them and the antibodies, clumping foreign blood cells together.

Glycosidic bonds: always connect groups through an oxygen atom. between two α-D-glucose molecules can only form as α(1→4), meaning C-1 of the first glucose molecule is joined to C-4 of the second. hold together monosaccharides, forming oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. can form between the anomeric carbon of one sugar and any one of the -OH groups on a second sugar. are found in both monosaccharides and disaccharides.

hold together monosaccharides, forming oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. can form between the anomeric carbon of one sugar and any one of the -OH groups on a second sugar.

The major nonpolysaccharide component in plant cell walls:

is a polymer of coniferyl alcohol called lignin.

Select all that apply. Glycoproteins: are a major component of plant cell walls. include chondroitin-6-sulfate and keratin sulfate. of various kinds on the surfaces of red blood cells determine human blood types. are often antigenic determinants, the portions of an antigenic molecule that antibodies recognize and bind to. contain both carbohydrates and proteins

of various kinds on the surfaces of red blood cells determine human blood types. are often antigenic determinants, the portions of an antigenic molecule that antibodies recognize and bind to. contain both carbohydrates and proteins

Select all that apply. Chitin: is a branched homopolysaccharide with a structure similar to amylopectin. is an energy-storage polysaccharide found in lobsters and shrimp. is a structural polysaccharide with strands held together by hydrogen bonds. is based on the monomer N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine. is a structural polysaccharide.

s a structural polysaccharide with strands held together by hydrogen bonds. is based on the monomer N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine. is a structural polysaccharide

Cellulose differs from starch in that:

starches do not contain β(1→4) linkages, whereas cellulose does.